Psychometric Properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 for Children With Visual Impairments

in Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

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Ali BrianUniversity of South Carolina

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Sally TauntonUniversity of South Carolina

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Lauren J. LiebermanState University of New York’s College at Brockport

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Pamela Haibach-BeachState University of New York’s College at Brockport

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John FoleyState University of New York at Cortland

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Sara SantarossaUniversity of Windsor

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2017-0061
Keywords:
assessment; blindness; disability; fundamental motor skills
In Print:
Volume 35: Issue 2
Page Range:
145–158
Restricted access

Results of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) consistently show acceptable validity and reliability for children/adolescents who are sighted and those who have visual impairments. Results of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) are often valid and reliable for children who are sighted, but its psychometric properties are unknown for children with visual impairments. Participants (N = 66; Mage = 12.93, SD = 2.40) with visual impairments completed the TGMD-2 and TGMD-3. The TGMD-3 results from this sample revealed high internal consistency (ω = .89–.95), strong interrater reliability (ICC = .91–.92), convergence with the TGMD-2 (r = .96), and good model fit, χ2(63) = 80.10, p = .072, χ2/df ratio = 1.27, RMSEA = .06, CFI = .97. Researchers and practitioners can use the TGMD-3 to assess the motor skill performance for children/adolescents with visual impairments and most likely produce results that are valid and reliable.

Brian and Taunton are with the Dept. of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. Lieberman is with the Dept. of Kinesiology, Sport Studies, and Physical Education, and Haibach-Beach, the Dept. of Physical Education, State University of New York’s College at Brockport, Brockport, NY. Foley is with the Dept. of Physical Education, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, NY. Santarossa is with the Dept. of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.

Address author correspondence to Ali Brian at abrian@sc.edu.
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