Rhythm and Reaching: The Influence of Rhythmic Auditory Cueing in a Goal-Directed Reaching Task With Adults Diagnosed With Cerebral Palsy

in Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

Click name to view affiliation

Jacqueline C. Ladwig University of Manitoba

Search for other papers by Jacqueline C. Ladwig in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
*
,
Tamires C. do Prado University of Manitoba

Search for other papers by Tamires C. do Prado in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
*
,
Stephanie J. Tomy University of Manitoba

Search for other papers by Stephanie J. Tomy in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
*
,
Jonathan J. Marotta University of Manitoba

Search for other papers by Jonathan J. Marotta in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
*
, and
Cheryl M. Glazebrook University of Manitoba

Search for other papers by Cheryl M. Glazebrook in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed Close
*
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2021-0019
Keywords:
developmental disability; motor control; RAS; rhythmic auditory stimulation
First Published Online:
05 Nov 2021
In Print:
Volume 39: Issue 1
Page Range:
1–16
Restricted access

Improvements in functional reaching directly support improvements in independence. The addition of auditory inputs (e.g., music, rhythmic counting) may improve goal-directed reaching for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). To effectively integrate auditory stimuli into adapted teaching and rehabilitation protocols, it is necessary to understand how auditory stimuli may enhance limb control. This study considered the influence of auditory stimuli during the planning or execution phases of goal-directed reaches. Adults (with CP = 10, without CP = 10) reached from a home switch to two targets. Three conditions were presented—no sound, sound before, and sound during—and three-dimensional movement trajectories were recorded. Reaction times were shorter for both groups in the sound before condition, while the group with CP also reached peak velocity relatively earlier in the sound before condition. The group with CP executed more consistent movements in both sound conditions. Sound presented before movement initiation improved both the planning and execution of reaching movements for adults with CP.

Ladwig, do Prado, Tomy, and Glazebrook are with the Perceptual Motor Integration Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Marotta is with the Perception and Action Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Ladwig (ladwigj@myumanitoba.ca) is corresponding author.

Supplementary Materials

    • Supplementary Material (PDF 91 KB)
  • Collapse
  • Expand

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

Cover Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

  • Andersen, T.S., Tiippana, K., & Sams, M. (2004). Factors influencing audiovisual fission and fusion illusions. Cognitive Brain Research, 21(3), 301–308. PubMed ID: 15511646 doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.06.004

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chiviacowsky, S., Wulf, G., & Ávila, L.T.G. (2013). An external focus of attention enhances motor learning in children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57(7), 627–634. PubMed ID: 22563795 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01569.x

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cremer, N., Hurvitz, E.A., & Peterson, M.D. (2017). Multimorbidity in middle-aged adults with cerebral palsy. The American Journal of Medicine, 130, 744.e9–744.e15. PubMed ID: 28065772 doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.11.044

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Damiano, D.L. (2006). Activity, activity, activity: Rethinking our physical therapy approach to cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 86(11), 1534–1540. PubMed ID: 17094192 doi:10.2522/ptj.20050397

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Elias, L.J., Bryden, M.P., & Bulman-Fleming, M.B. (1998). Footedness is a better predictor than is handedness of emotional lateralization. Neuropsychologia, 36(1), 37–43. PubMed ID: 9533385 doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00107-3

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Elliott, D., Hansen, S., Grierson, L.E., Lyons, J., Bennett, S.J., & Hayes, S.J. (2010). Goal-directed aiming: Two components but multiple processes. Psychological Bulletin, 136(6), 1023–1044. PubMed ID: 20822209 doi:10.1037/a0020958

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Elliott, D., Hansen, S., Mendoza, J., & Tremblay, L. (2004). Learning to optimize speed, accuracy, and energy expenditure: A framework for understanding speed-accuracy relations in goal-directed aiming. Journal of Motor Behavior, 36(3), 339–351. PubMed ID: 15262629 doi:10.3200/JMBR.36.3.339-351

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Eunson, P. (2012). Aetiology and epidemiology of cerebral palsy. Paediatrics and Child Health, 22(9), 361–366. doi:10.1016/j.paed.2012.05.008

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. PubMed ID: 17695343 doi:10.3758/BF03193146

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ferguson, C.J. (2009). An effect size primer: A guide for clinicians and researchers. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(5), 542–538. doi:10.1037/a0015808

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ferrari, A., Tersi, L., Ferrari, A., Sghedoni, A., & Chiari, L. (2010). Functional reaching discloses perceptive impairment in diplegic children with cerebral palsy. Gait & Posture, 32(2), 253–258. PubMed ID: 20605460 doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.05.010

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Figueiredo, P.R., Silva, P.L., Avelar, B.S., da Fonseca, S.T., Bootsma, R.J., & Mancini, M.C. (2015). Upper limb performance and the structuring of joint movement in teenagers with cerebral palsy: The reciprocal role of task demands and action capabilities. Experimental Brain Research, 233(4), 1155–1164. PubMed ID: 25579662 doi:10.1007/s00221-014-4195-3

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hatfield, B.C., Wyatt, W.R., & Shea, J.B. (2010). Effects of auditory feedback on movement time in a fitts task. Journal of Motor Behavior, 42(5), 289–293. PubMed ID: 20826421 doi:10.1080/00222895.2010.504759

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • James, S., Ziviani, J., Ware, R.S., & Boyd, R.N. (2015). Relationships between activities of daily living, upper limb function, and visual perception in children and adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy. Devolpmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 57(9), 852–857. PubMed ID: 25703777 doi:10.1111/dmcn.12715

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Johansson, A.M., Domellof, E., & Ronnqvist, L. (2012). Short- and long-term effects of synchronized metronome training in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A two case study. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 15(2), 160–169. PubMed ID: 22296344 doi:10.3109/17518423.2011.635608

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Johansson, A.M., Domellof, E., & Ronnqvist, L. (2014). Timing training in three children with diplegic cerebral palsy: Short- and long-term effects on upper-limb movement organization and functioning. Frontiers in Neurology, 5, 38. PubMed ID: 24744747 doi:10.3389/fneur.2014.00038

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ju, Y.H., Hwang, I.S., & Cherng, R.J. (2012). Postural adjustment of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy during seated hand reaching in different directions. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93(3), 471–479. PubMed ID: 22265343 doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.10.004

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ju, Y.H., You, J.Y., & Cherng, R.J. (2010). Effect of task constraint on reaching performance in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31(5), 1076–1082. PubMed ID: 20434308 doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2010.04.001

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Liptak, G.S. (2008). Health and well being of adaults with cerebral palsy. Current Opinion in Neurology, 21, 136–142. PubMed ID: 18317270 doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282f6a499

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Livingston, M.H., Rosenbaum, P.L., Russell, D.J., & Palisano, R.J. (2007). Quality of life among adolescents with cerebral palsy: What does the literature tell us? Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49(3), 225–231. PubMed ID: 17355481 doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00225.x

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lundy-Ekman, L. (2013). Neuroscience: Fundamentals for rehabilitation (4th ed.). St. Louis, MI: Elsevier.

  • Malcom, M.P., Massie, C., & Thaut, M.H. (2009). Rhythmic auditory-motor entrainmentimproves hemiparetic arm kinematics during reaching movements: A pilot study. Top Stroke Rehabilitation, 16(1), 69–79. PubMed ID: 19443349 doi:10.1310/tsr1601-69

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Palisano, R., Rosenbaum, P., Walter, S., Russell, D., Wood, E., & Galuppi, B. (1997). Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 39(4), 214–223. PubMed ID: 9183258 doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Peters, C.M., & Glazebrook, C.M. (2020). Rhythmic auditory stimuli heard before and during a reaching movement elicit performance improvements in both temporal and spatial movement parameters. Acta Psychologica, 207, 103086. PubMed ID: 32422419 doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103086

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Stiers, P., Vanderkelen, R., Van neste, G., Coene, S., De Rammelaere, M., & Vandenbussche, E. (2002). Visual-perceptual impairment in a random sample of children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 44, 370–382. PubMed ID: 12088305 doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2002.tb00831.x

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Straub, K., & Obrzut, J.E. (2009). Effects of cerebral palsy on neuropsychological function. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 21(2), 153–167. doi:10.1007/s10882-009-9130-3

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Thaut, M.H. (2013). Entrainment and the motor system. Music Therapy Perspectives, 31(1), 31–34. doi:10.1093/mtp/31.1.31

  • Thaut, M.H., & Kenyon, G.P. (2003). Rapid motor adaptations to subliminal frequency shifts during syncopated rhythmic sensorimotor synchronization. Human Movement Science, 22(3), 321–338. PubMed ID: 12967761 doi:10.1016/s0167-9457(03)00048-4

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Thaut, M.H., Kenyon, G.P., Hurt, C.P., McIntosh, G.C., & Hoemberg, V. (2002). Kinematic optimization of spatiotemporal patterns in paretic arm training with stroke patients. Neuropsychologia, 40(7), 1073–1081. PubMed ID: 11900758 doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00141-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11900758

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Thaut, M.H., Kenyon, G.P., Schauer, M., & McIntosh, G. (1999). The connection between rhythmicity and brain function. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 18(2), 101–108. PubMed ID: 10101675 doi:10.1109/51.752991

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Thorpe, D. (2009). The role of fitness in health and disease: Status of adults with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(Suppl. 4), 52–58. PubMed ID: 19740210 doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03433.x

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Trevarrow, M.P., Kleinsmith, J., Taylor, B.K., Wilson, T.W., & Kurz, M.J. (2021). The somatosensory cortical activity in individuals with cerebral palsy displays an aberrant developmental trajectory. The Journal of Physiology, 599(4), 1281–1289. PubMed ID: 33296078 doi:10.1113/JP280400

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wulf, G., Lewthwaite, R., Cardozo, P., & Chiviacowsky, S. (2018). Triple play: Additive contributions of enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and external attentional focus to motor learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(4), 824–831. PubMed ID: 28056637 doi:10.1080/17470218.2016.1276204

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wulf, G., McNevin, N., & Shea, C. (2001). The automacity of complex motor skill learning as a function of attentional focus. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A, 54(4), 1143–1154. PubMed ID: 11765737 doi:10.1080/713756012

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 4292 1428 41
Full Text Views 143 46 7
PDF Downloads 162 40 2