Athletic Trainers’ Perceptions of Their Scope of Practice

in International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training

Click name to view affiliation

Cailee E. Welch BaconDepartment of Athletic Training, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA
School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA

Search for other papers by Cailee E. Welch Bacon in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8145-7736*
,
Nydia L. CabraUniversity of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
Department of Athletic Training, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA

Search for other papers by Nydia L. Cabra in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Taryn C. PenningtonDepartment of Athletic Training, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA
United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, CO, USA

Search for other papers by Taryn C. Pennington in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Lindsey E. EbermanDepartment of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA

Search for other papers by Lindsey E. Eberman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Julie M. CavallarioAthletic Training Programs, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA

Search for other papers by Julie M. Cavallario in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

All athletic trainers (ATs) must meet regulatory standards as outlined in state practice acts. While state practice acts are similar, some variations can lead to misunderstanding or unfamiliarity with appropriate scopes of practice. We aimed to describe ATs’ perceptions regarding athletic training scope of practice. Only 29.7% of respondents correctly identified state government as the agency that defines athletic training scope of practice and 51.7% agreed their respective state practice act limits the skills they can perform. To advocate for the profession, ATs must have a primary understanding of the laws and regulations that promote ATs to work at their fullest ability.

Welch Bacon (cwelch@atsu.edu) is corresponding author, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8145-7736

In order to properly advocate for the profession, it is critical ATs have a fundamental understanding of the laws and regulations that promote opportunities to work at their fullest ability according to the law.

In addition to advocacy for AT value and worth, it is crucial that ATs engage in professional advocacy to advance the athletic training profession.

  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • 1.

    National Athletic Trainers’ Association. NATA Quick Facts. Published November 2017. Accessed May, 2022. https://www.nata.org/sites/default/files/nata-fact-sheet.pdf

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 2.

    Hortz B. Scope of Practice: Factors to Consider. National Athletic Trainers’ Association. Accessed May, 2022. https://www.nata.org/sites/default/files/scope-of-practice.pdf

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 3.

    About US. Board of Certification. Accessed May, 2022. https://www.bocatc.org/about-us/what-is-an-athletic-trainer

  • 4.

    Athletic Trainers. Board of Certification. Accessed May, 2022. https://bocatc.org/athletic-trainers/maintain-certification/continuing-education/continuing-education

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 5.

    Board of Certification. BOC Certified AT Demographics. Board of Certification for the Athletic Trainer. Published April, 2022. Accessed June, 2022. https://bocatc.org/system/document_versions/versions/293/original/at-demographics-20220414.pdf?1649950857

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 6.

    Clines SH, Welch Bacon CE, Eason CM, Pagnotta KD, Huggins RA, Van Lunen BL. Athletic directors’ perceptions regarding the value of employing athletic trainers in the secondary school setting. J Phys Educ Sport Manag. 2019;6(1):112.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 7.

    Rello MN. The importance of state regulation to the promulgation of the athletic training profession. J Athl Train. 1996;31(2):160164. PubMed ID: 16558390

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 8.

    Williams RM, Welch CE, Parsons JT, Valovich McLeod TC. Athletic trainers’ familiarity with and perceptions of academic accommodations in secondary school athletes after sport-related concussion. J Athl Train. 2015;50(3):262269. PubMed ID: 25562456 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 9.

    Henni SH, Kirkevold M, Antypas K, Foss C. Perceptions of the scope of practice of nurse practitioners caring for older adults: level of agreement among different healthcare providers. Scand J Caring Sci. 2021;35(2):492501. PubMed ID: 32323373 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 10.

    Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE). Standards for the Accreditation of Professional Athletic Training Programs. Published 2020. Accessed August 12, 2020. https://caate.net/pp-standards/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 11.

    Patel R, Sharma S.Credentialing. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2020.

  • 12.

    Vogler JH.Physicians’ Perceptions on the Scope of Practice and Knowledge of Athletic Trainers. Indiana State University; 2016. https://search.proquest.com/openview/7810d43e1737266dad38029ca0ebc98a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 13.

    Frogner BK, Fraher EP, Spetz J, et al. Modernizing scope-of-practice regulations—Time to prioritize patients. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(7):591593. PubMed ID: 32053296 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 14.

    Kaminski TW. Third-party reimbursement for athletic trainers-not quite “living the dream.” Athl Train Sports Health Care. 2017;9(5):196197. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 15.

    McMichael BJ. The demand for healthcare regulation: the effect of political spending on occupational licensing laws. South Econ J. 2017;84(1):297316. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 16.

    Department of Health and Human Services, Department of the Treasury, Department of Labor. Reforming America’s Healthcare System Through Choice and Competition. Published December 2018. Accessed May, 2022. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/Reforming-Americas-Healthcare-System-Through-Choice-and-Competition.pdf

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 17.

    Public Health Committee. An Act Concerning the Practice of Athletic Training. Published 2011. Accessed September 9, 2022. https://www.cga.ct.gov/2011/jfr/s/2011SB-01051-R00PH-JFR.htm

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 18.

    Kassirer JP. Practicing medicine without a license—The new intrusions by congress. N Engl J Med. 1997;336(24):1747. PubMed ID: 9180093 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 19.

    Adams TL. Health professional regulation in historical context: Canada, the USA and the UK (19th century to present). Hum Resour Health. 2020;18(1):72. PubMed ID: 33076923 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 20.

    Scope of Practice in Speech-Language Pathology. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Published 2016. Accessed May 13, 2022. https://www.asha.org/policy/sp2016-00343/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 21.

    Pike A, Pryor RR, Mazerolle SM, Stearns RL, Casa DJ. Athletic trainer services in US private secondary schools. J Athl Train. 2016;51(9):717726. PubMed ID: 27749083 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 22.

    Pike Lacy AM, Eason CM, Stearns RL, Tosakoon S, Casa DJ. Legislators’ perceptions and knowledge of the athletic training profession: specific considerations for secondary schools. J Athl Train. 2019;54(11):11401148. PubMed ID: 31553653 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 23.

    Kutz MR, Doherty-Restrepo J. Frequency of leadership behaviors among athletic trainers in university settings. Athl Train Educ J. 2017;12(3):165178. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 24.

    Franklin T, Nyland J. The importance of developing athletic training leadership behaviors. Athl Train Educ J. 2020;15(4):246250. doi:

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 377 377 35
Full Text Views 8 8 0
PDF Downloads 11 11 0