Just Copy and Paste? Usage and Patterns of Social Media Sources in Online Articles on Sport

in International Journal of Sport Communication

Click name to view affiliation

Inga OelrichsInstitute of Media and Communication Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany

Search for other papers by Inga Oelrichs in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
Restricted access

Information sourcing in sports journalism changes with the process of news curation on the internet. In particular, social media is an important source for sports reporters, as athletes and organizations post content on a regular basis. Although how sports journalists use social media in their daily work routines has already been investigated, there is little knowledge on how social media is used as a source in sports reporting. However, with regard to a possible copy-and-paste trend and an impeding loss of relevance of journalistic content, results pertaining to the use of social media as a source would be helpful to evaluate journalistic output. By conducting a quantitative content analysis of 3,150 online articles of three German sports news providers, this author investigated the number and patterns of social media sources in journalistic articles. The results reveal, inter alia, that social media is crucial for human interest stories on athletes.

  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • Bane, K.C. (2017). Tweeting the agenda. Journalism Practice, 13(2), 191205. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1413587

  • Beckers, K., & Harder, R.A. (2016). Twitter just exploded. Social media s alternative vox pop. Digital Journalism, 4(7), 910920. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1161493

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bertling, C., & Schierl, T. (2020). Sport und medien [Sport and media]. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29327-7

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bölz, M. (2018). Sportjournalismus: Ein hybrid aus information und unterhaltung? [Sportjournalism: A hybrid of information and entertainment?]. In M. Bölz (Ed.), Sportjournalistik (pp. 227245). Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18905-1_8

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Boumans, J. (2018). Subsidizing the news? Journalism Studies, 19(15), 22642282. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2017.1338154

  • Brands, J., Graham, T., & Broersma, M. (2018). Social media sourcing practices: How Dutch newspapers use tweets in political news coverage. In J. Schwanholz, T. Graham, & P.-T. Stoll (Eds.), Managing democracy in the digital age: Internet regulation, social media uses and online civic engagement (pp. 159178). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61708-4_9

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Broersma, M., & Graham, T. (2013). Twitter as a news source. Journalism Practice, 7(4), 446464. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.802481

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Broersma, M., & Graham, T. (2016). Tipping the balance of power: Social media and the transformation of political journalism. In A. Bruns, G. Enli, E. Skogerbo, A.O. Larsson, & C. Christensen (Eds.), The routledge companion to social media and politics (pp. 89103). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716299-7

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bruns, A. (2018). Gatewatching and news curation. Journalism, social media and the public sphere. Peter Lang.

  • Bruns, A., & Nuernbergk, C. (2019). Political journalists and their social media audiences: New power relations. Media and Communication, 7(1), 198212. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i1.1759

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Buschow, C., & Wellbrock, C.-M. (2020). Die innovationslandschaft des journalismus in deutschland [The innovation landscape of journalism in Germany]. https://www.medienanstalt-nrw.de/fileadmin/user_upload/NeueWebsite_0120/Zum_Nachlesen/Gutachten_Innovationslandschaft_Journalismus.pdf

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Carlson, M. (2016). Sources as news producers. In T. Witschge, C.W. Anderson, D. Domingo, & A. Hermida (Eds.), The sage handbook of digital journalism (pp. 236249). Sage.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Davies, N. (2009). Flat earth news. Vintage Books.

  • English, P. (2014). Twitter’s diffusion in sports journalism: Role models, laggards and followers of the social media innovation. New Media & Society, 18(3), 484501. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814544886

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Geurin, A.N., & McNary, E.L. (2020). Athletes as ambush marketers? An examination of rule 40 and athletes’ social media use during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. European Sport Management Quarterly, 21(1), 116133. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2020.1725091

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Geurin-Eagleman, A.N., & Burch, L.M. (2016). Communicating via photographs: A gendered analysis of Olympic athletes’ visual self-presentation on Instagram. Sport Management Review, 19(2), 133145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2015.03.002

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gulyas, A. (2017). Hybridity and social media adoption by journalists. Digital Journalism, 5(7), 884902. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1232170

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hauer, S. (2017). Vom “fan der es über die absperrung geschafft hat” zum unterhaltenden vertriebsprofi: Das selbstverständnis von sportjournalisten in deutschland [From “the fan who made it over the boards” to the entertaining sales professional: the self perception of sport journalists in Germany]. In H. Ihle, M. Meyen, J. Mittag, & J.-U. Nieland (Eds.), Globales mega-event und nationaler konfliktherd (pp. 255269). Springer VS.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hermida, A. (2010). Twittering the news. Journalism Practice, 4(3), 297308. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512781003640703

  • Hermida, A. (2012). Social journalism: Exploring how social media is shaping journalism. In E. Siapera& A. Veglis (Eds.), The handbook of global online journalism (pp. 309328). Wiley-Blackwell.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hladík, R., & Štětka, V. (2015). The powers that tweet. Journalism Studies, 18(2), 154174. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2015.1046995

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Horky, T., & Hestermann, T. (2016). Die selbstberichterstattung des sports: Die bedeutung von vereinseigenen medien am beispiel club-tv [The selfreporting of sports: the relevance of owned media at the example of club-tv]. Communicatio Socialis, 49(2), 165178.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ihle, H. (2018). Sport in den fernsehnachrichten: Ergebnisse einer inhaltsanalyse der sportberichterstattung in den deutschen hauptnachrichten [Sport in the tv-news: Results of a content analysis of sport reporting in German prime time news]. Media Perspektiven, 486495.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Johnston, J., & Forde, S. (2017). Churnalism. Digital Journalism, 5(8), 943946. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1355026

  • Kautz, F., Schaffrath, M., & Gang, A.C. (2020). Identifying the different approaches in use of social media outlets: A case study of german professional sport teams. International Journal of Sport Communication, 13(2), 239261. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0006

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kolb, S. (2009). Sportjournalisten in deutschland [Sport journalists in Germany]. In T. Horky, T. Schauerte, & J. Schwier (Eds.), Sportjournalismus (pp. 4562). UVK Verlags-Gesellschaft.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Krippendorf, K. (2012). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage.

  • Lasorsa, D.L., Lewis, S.C., & Holton, A.E. (2012). Normalizing Twitter. Journalism Studies, 13(1), 1936. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2011.571825

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lecheler, S., & Kruikemeier, S. (2016). Re-evaluating journalistic routines in a digital age: A review of research on the use of online sources. New Media & Society, 18(1), 156171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815600412

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lewis, J., Williams, A., & Franklin, B. (2008). A compromised fourth estate? Journalism Studies, 9(1), 120. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700701767974

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lowrey, W., & Gade, P.J. (Eds.). (2011). Changing the news: The forces shaping journalism in uncertain times. Routledge.

  • Maderer, D., Parganas, P., & Anagnostopoulos, C. (2018). Brand-image communication through social media: The case of European professional football clubs. International Journal of Sport Communication, 11(3), 319338. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2018-0086

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Maier, M., Marschall, J., & Stengel, K. (2010). Nachrichtenwerttheorie [News value theory]. Nomos. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845260365-28

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Moon, S.J., & Hadley, P. (2014). Routinizing a new technology in the newsroom: Twitter as a news source in mainstream media. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 58(2), 289305. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2014.906435

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Neuberger, C., Nuernbergk, C., & Langenohl, S. (2018). Journalism as multichannel communication. Journalism Studies, 37(1), 121. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2018.1507685

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Nölleke, D., & Birkner, T. (2019). Bypassing traditional sports media? Why and how professional volleyball players use social networking sites. Studies in Communication and Media, 8(3), 287310. https://doi.org/10.5771/2192-4007-2019-3-287

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Nölleke, D., Grimmer, C.G., & Horky, T. (2017). News sources and follow-up communication. Journalism Practice, 11(4), 509526. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1125761

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Oelrichs, I. (2020). Adoption of innovations in digital sports journalism: The use of Twitter by German sports journalists. Communication & Sport. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479520961786

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Oschatz, C., Stier, S., & Maier, J. (2021). Twitter in the news: An analysis of embedded tweets in political news coverage. Digital Journalism. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2021.1912624

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Paulussen, S., & Harder, R. (2016). Social media references in newspapers: Facebook, Twitter and YouTube as sources in newspaper journalism. In B. Franklin (Ed.), The future of journalism: In an age of digital media and economic uncertainty (pp. 306315). Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Poppe, T. (2015). Vom fussballklub zum medienhaus: Wie profivereine mithilfe der sozialen medien journalisten überpringen. Der Sportjournalist, 64(2),  58.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Price, J., Farrington, N., & Hall, L. (2013). Tweeting with the enemy? The impacts of new social media on sports journalism and the education of sports journalism students. Journalism Education, 1(1), 920.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Raney, A.A. (2004). Motives for using sport in the media: Motivational aspects of sport reception process. In H. Schramm (Ed.), Die rezeption des sports in den medien [The reception of sports in the media] (pp. 4974). Herbert von Halem Verlag.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Reed, S., & Hansen, K.A. (2013). Social media’s influence on American sport journalists’ perception of gatekeeping. International Journal of Sport Communication, 6(4), 373383. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.6.4.373

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Roberts, C., & Emmons, B. (2016). Twitter in the press box: How a new technology affects game-day routines of print-focused sports journalists. International Journal of Sport Communication, 9(1), 97115. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2015-0113

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schultz, B., & Sheffer, M.L. (2010). An exploratory study of how Twitter is affecting sports journalism. International Journal of Sport Communication, 3(2), 226239. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.3.2.226

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schulz, W. (1976). Die konstruktion von realität in den nachrichtenmedien: Analyse der aktuellen berichterstattung [The construction of reality in news media: An analysis of current reporting]. Karl Alber.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Shermak, J.L. (2018). Scoring live tweets on the beat. Digital Journalism, 6(1), 118136. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1338144

  • Sherwood, M., Nicholson, M., & Marjoribanks, T. (2017). Controlling the message and the medium? Digital Journalism, 5(5), 513531. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1239546

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Staab, J.F. (1990). The role of news factors in news selection: A theoretical reconsideration. European Journal of Communication, 5, 423442. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323190005004003

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Suggs, D.W. (2015). Valuing the media: Access and autonomy as functions of legitimacy for journalists. International Journal of Sport Communication, 8(1), 4667. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2014-0074

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thorsen, E., & Jackson, D. (2018). Seven characteristics defining online news formats. Digital Journalism, 6(7), 847868. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1468722

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • van Hout, T., & van Leuven, S. (2017). Investigating “churnalism” in real-time news. In B. Franklin& S.A. Eldrigde Ii (Eds.), The Routledge companion to digital journalism studies (pp. 117125). Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Van Leuven, S., Heinrich, A., & Deprez, A. (2015). Foreign reporting and sourcing practices in the network sphere: A quantitative content analysis of the Arab spring in Belgian news media. New Media & Society, 17(4), 573591. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813506973

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • von Nordheim, G., Boczek, K., & Koppers, L. (2018). Sourcing the sources. Digital Journalism, 6(7), 807828. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1490658

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Watkins, B., & Lee, J.W. (2016). Communicating brand identity on social media: A case study of the use of Instagram and Twitter for collegiate athletic branding. International Journal of Sport Communication, 9(4), 476498. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2016-0073

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 969 968 56
Full Text Views 43 43 5
PDF Downloads 57 57 5