Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: The Tip of an Iceberg

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Margo L. Mountjoy McMaster University
IOC Medical Commission Games Group

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Louise M. Burke Australian Institute of Sport
Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research

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Trent Stellingwerff Canadian Sport Institute Pacific

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Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen Norwegian School of Sport Sciences

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Mountjoy is with the Dept. of Family Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; and IOC Medical Commission—Games Group, Lausanne, Switzerland. Burke is with Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Belconnen, Australia; and Centre for Exercise and Nutrition, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Melbourne, Australia. Stellingwerff is with the Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Sundgot-Borgen is with the Dept. of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.

Address author correspondence to Margo L. Mountjoy at mmsportdoc@mcmaster.ca.
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  • Ackerman, K.E., Holtzman, B., Cooper, K.M., Flynn, E.F., Bruinvels, G., Tenforde, A.S., … Parziale, A.L. (2018b). Low energy availability surrogates correlate with health and performance consequences of relative energy deficiency in sport. British Journal of Sports Medicine. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098958

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  • Mountjoy, M., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Burke, L., Ackerman, K., Blauwet, C., Constantini, N., … Budgett, R. (2018b). International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S): 2018 update. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28, 119. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0136

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  • Robertson, S., & Mountjoy, M. (2018). A review of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in artistic (synchronized) swimming. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 128. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0329

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  • Staal, S., Sjodin, A., Fahrenholtz, I., Bonnense, K., & Melin, A. (2018). Low RMRratio as a surrogate marker for energy deficiency, the choice of predictive equation vital for correctly identifying male and female dancers as risk. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 124. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0327

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  • Stellingwerff, T. (2018). Case Study: Body composition periodization in an Olympic-level female middle distance runner over a 9-year career. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 16. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0312

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  • Sygo, J., Coates, A., Sesbreno, E., Mountjoy, M., & Burr, J. (2018). Prevalence of indicators of low energy availability in elite female sprinters. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 122. doi:

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  • Wilson, G., Martin, D., Morton, J., & Close, G. (2018). Male flat jockeys do not display deteriorations in bone density or resting metabolic rate in accordance with race riding experience: Implications for RED-S. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 118. doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0371

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