Hyperhydration-Induced Decrease in Urinary Luteinizing Hormone Concentrations of Male Athletes in Doping Control Analysis

in International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Ioanna Athanasiadou Anti-Doping Lab Qatar
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

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Sven Christian Voss Anti-Doping Lab Qatar

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Wesal El Saftawy Anti-Doping Lab Qatar

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Hind Al-Jaber Qatar University

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Najib Dbes Anti-Doping Lab Qatar

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Sameera Al-Yazedi Anti-Doping Lab Qatar

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Waseem Samsam Anti-Doping Lab Qatar

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Vidya Mohamed-Ali Anti-Doping Lab Qatar

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Mohammed Alsayrafi Anti-Doping Lab Qatar

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Georgia Valsami National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

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Costas Georgakopoulos Anti-Doping Lab Qatar

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0213
Keywords:
endogenous substances; excessive fluid intake; masking; specific gravity; urinary excretion
In Print:
Volume 29: Issue 4
Page Range:
388–396
Restricted access

Low urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) values have been discussed as a marker to detect steroid abuse. However, suppressed LH concentrations related to highly diluted urine samples could be a misleading indication of anabolic steroid abuse. One aim of the present study was to examine the effect of hyperhydration on the interpretation of LH findings during doping control analysis and to investigate different possibilities to correct volume-related changes in urinary LH concentrations. Seven healthy, physically active, nonsmoking White males were examined for a 72-hr period, using water and a commercial sports drink as hyperhydration agents (20 ml/kg body weight). Urine samples were collected and analyzed according to the World Anti-Doping Agency’s technical documents. Baseline urinary LH concentrations, expressed as the mean ± SD for each individual, were within the acceptable physiological range (7.11 ± 5.42 IU/L). A comparison of the measured LH values for both hyperhydration phases (Phase A: 4.24 ± 5.60 IU/L and Phase B: 4.74 ± 4.72 IU/L) with the baseline (“normal”) values showed significant differences (Phase A: p < .001 and Phase B: p < .001), suggesting the clear effect of urine dilution due to hyperhydration. However, an adjustment of urinary LH concentrations by specific gravity based on a reference value of 1.020 seems to adequately correct the hyperhydration-induced decrease on the LH levels.

Athanasiadou, Voss, El Saftawy, Dbes, Al-Yazedi, Samsam, Mohamed-Ali, Alsayrafi, and Georgakopoulos are with the Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Doha, Qatar. Athanasiadou and Valsami are with the Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Al-Jaber is with the Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Address author correspondence to Costas Georgakopoulos at costas@adlqatar.com.
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