Gastrointestinal Hormones, Morphological Characteristics, and Physical Performance in Elite Soccer Players
in International Journal of Sports Physiology and PerformanceClick name to view affiliation
Purpose: To determine the relationship between gastrointestinal hormones (leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1), ghrelin, cholecystokinin, peptide YY, morphological characteristics, and physical performances in elite soccer players. Methods: Q2 Twenty-two elite male soccer players (age = 23.1 [2.7] y, height = 177.0 [0.1] cm, weight = 70.2 [2.9] kg, body mass index = 22.1 [1.8] kg/m2) completed 3-day food records each week during the 5-week training period. Blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast before and after preseason training to assess gastrointestinal hormones (leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, and peptide YY). Continuous analysis of the training load was used during the training period. Preintervention and postintervention tests assessed jumping (countermovement jump), sprinting (10, 20, and 30 m), and endurance fitness (the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 [YYIRT1]) levels. Results: Preseason training decreased body mass index (P = .001; effect size [ES] = 0.183) and body fat percentage (P = .001; ES = 0.516). There were increases in countermovement jump (P = .032; ES = 0.215), 20- (P = .016; ES = 0.195) and 30-m sprints (P = .001; ES = 0.188), and YYIRT1 performance (P = .001; ES = 0.9). Levels of cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and ghrelin did not change during preseason training, although changes in leptin (P = .001; ES = 0.41) and glucagon-like peptide-1 levels (P = .039; ES = 0.606) were recorded. Leptinemia correlated with anthropometric parameters (body mass index, r = .77, P = .001; percentage of body fat,r = .67, P = .006) and the total distance covered during the YYIRT1 (r = −.54; P = .03). Conclusion: Changes in morphological parameters and physical performance in elite-level male soccer players are related to variations in selected gastrointestinal hormones.
Ben Aabderrahman, VanDusseldorp, and Zouhal contributed equally to the manuscript.
Salhi, Ben Aabderrahman, Triki, and Gaed are with the Higher Inst of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia. Clark is with the Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom. Hackney is with the Dept of Exercise & Sport Science and Dept of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Saeidi is with the Dept of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran. Laher is with the Dept of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Kurtz is with the Dept of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. VanDusseldorp is with the Dept of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA. Zouhal is with the Movement, Sport, Health and Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR-STAPS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Cachan, Rennes, France, and the Inst International des Sciences du Sport (2IS), Irodouer, France.
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