Attitudes Toward the Coaching Profession: Evidence from a Nation-Wide Study in Qatar

in International Sport Coaching Journal

Click name to view affiliation

Ahmed Al-EmadiQatar University

Search for other papers by Ahmed Al-Emadi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
,
Nicholas D. TheodorakisAristotle University of Thessaloniki

Search for other papers by Nicholas D. Theodorakis in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Donna PastoreOhio State University

Search for other papers by Donna Pastore in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Abdellatif SellamiQatar University

Search for other papers by Abdellatif Sellami in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
, and
Abdulaye DiopQatar University

Search for other papers by Abdulaye Diop in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
Restricted access

The present study aimed to develop a scale for measuring Qataris’ attitudes toward coaching and their intentions towards this profession. The survey target population included Qataris who were 18 years or older and who lived in residential housing units in Qatar. To assure representation of population a proportionate stratified sampling method was used. Overall, 823 Qatari nationals participated in the study. To develop the scale for measuring Qataris’ attitudes toward coaching (ATC), standard scale development procedures were followed. These procedures resulted in a 5-factors measure; Image, Personal development, Job nature, Rewards and Limitations. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided initial evidence regarding the factorial, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. The reliability of all factors were also satisfactory. The five aforementioned factors predicted 22% of the variability in job intentions. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.

Ahmed Al-Emadi, Abdellatif Sellami, and Abdulaye Diop are with Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Nicholas D. Theodorakis is with Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Donna Pastore is with Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

Address author correspondence to Nicholas D. Theodorakis at ndtheo@phed-sr.auth.gr.
  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • Aiken, L.S., & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Anderson, J., & Gerbing, D. (1988). Structural equation modelling in practice: A review and recommended two step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bagozzi, R.P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16, 7494.

  • Behling, O., Labovitz, G., & Gainer, M. (1968). College recruiting: A theoretical base. Personnel Journal, 47, 1319.

  • Bentler, P.M. (2006). EQS structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.

  • Brislin, R.W.(1981). Cross-cultural encounters: Face-to-face interaction. New York, NY: Pergamon.

  • Cattell, R.B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1(2), 245276.

  • Chang-Ik, S., & Hee, S. (2015). Testing intention to continue exercising at fitness and sports centers with the theory of planned behavior. Social Behavior and Personality: An international Journal, 43, 641648.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chuan, C.C., Yusof, A., Soon, C.C., & Abdullah, M.C. (2014). Application of theory of planned behavior to predict recreational sports activities participation of students in Malaysia. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 14(2), 172177.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Churchill, G.A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16, 6473. doi:10.2307/3150876

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Costello, A.B., & Osborne, J.W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 10(7), 19.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cunningham, G.B. (2009). Examining the relationships among coaching staff diversity, perceptions of diversity, value congruence, and life satisfaction. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(1), 326335.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cunningham, G.B., Sagas, M., & Ashley, F.B. (2003). Coaching self-efficacy, desire to head coach, and occupational turnover intent: Gender differences between NCAA assistant coaches of women’s teams. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 34, 125137.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • DeVellis, R.F. (1991) Scale development. Newbury Park, NJ: Sage.

  • Dixon, M.A., Warner, S.M., & Bruening, J.E. (2008). More than just letting them play: Parental influence on women’s lifetime. Sociology of Sport Journal, 25, 538559.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Duffy, P., Hartley, H., Bales, J., Crespo, M., Dick, F., Vardham, D., … Curado, J. (2011). Sport coaching as a ‘profession’: Challenges and future directions. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 5(2), 93123.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Everhart, C.B., & Chelladurai, P. (1998). Gender differences in preferences for coaching as an occupation: The role of selfefficacy, valence, and perceived barriers. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 69, 188200. PubMed doi:10.1080/02701367.1998.10607683

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hinkin, T.R. (1985). A brief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. Organizational Research Methods, 2(1), 104121.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hinkin, T.R. (1995). A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations. Journal of Management, 21(5), 967988. doi:10.1177/014920639502100509

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Horn, T.S.. (2008). Coaching effectiveness in the sport domain. In T.S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 239265). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Houlihan, B., & Green, M. (2009). Modernization and sport: The reform of sport England and UK sport. Public Administration, 87(3), 678698.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hoyle, R.H. & Panter, A.T.. (1995). Writing about structural equation models. In R.H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 158176). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 155. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kalisch P.A., & Kalisch B.J. (1987). The changing image of the nurse. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.

  • Kamphoff, C., & Gill, D. (2008). Collegiate athletes’ perceptions of the coaching profession. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 3(1), 5572. doi:10.1260/174795408784089351

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kelley, B.C. (1994). A model of stress and burnout in collegiate coaches: Effects of gender and time of season. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 65, 4858.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.

  • Le, T.K., Brick, J.M., Diop, A., & Al-Emadi, D. (2013). Within-household sampling conditioning on household size. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 25(1), 108118. doi:10.1093/ijpor/eds008

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lim, V.K.G., Teo, T., & See, S.K. (2000). Perceived job image among police officers in Singapore: Factorial dimensions and differential effects. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140(6), 740750. PubMed doi:10.1080/00224540009600514

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lim, V.K.G., & Yuen, E.C. (1998). Doctors, patients, and perceived job image: An empirical study of stress and nurses in Singapore. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(3), 269282. doi:10.1023/A:1018769000750

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lu, W.C., & Cheng, C.F. (2011). Sports spectator behavior: A test of the theory of planned behavior. Perceptions and Motor Skills, 113, 10171026.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • MacCallum, R.C., Widaman, K.F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 4(1), 8499. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.4.1.84

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mahony, D.F., Mondello, M., Hums, M.A., & Judd, M. (2006). Recruiting sport management faculty: Factors impacting job attractiveness and advice for search committees. Journal of Sport Management, 20, 414430.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mardia, K.V. (1970). Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications. Biometrika, 57, 519530. doi:10.1093/biomet/57.3.519

  • Moran-Miller, K., & Flores, L.Y. (2013). Where are the women in women’s sports? Predictors of female athletes’ interest in a coaching career. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(1), 109117. doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599727

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A., & Berry, L.L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64, 1340.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pastore, D.L. (1991). Male and female coaches of women’s teams: Reasons for entering and leaving the profession. Journal of Sport Management, 5, 128143. doi:10.1123/jsm.5.2.128

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pastore, D.L., Inglis, S., & Danylchuk, K.E. (1996). Retention factors in coaching and athletic management: Differences by gender, position, and geographic location. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 20, 427441.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pounder, D.G., Crow, G., & Bergerson, A. (2004). Job desirability of the university professorate in the field of educational leadership. Journal of School Leadership, 14(5), 497529.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pounder, D.G., & Merrill, R.J. (2001). Job desirability of the high school principalship: A job choice theory perspective. Educational Administration Quarterly, 37(1), 2757. doi:10.1177/0013161X01371003

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Qatar Olympic Committee (QOC). (2015). Strategic management: Coaches and technical officials human resource management survey. (Unpublished Executive Report), Doha, Qatar.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rigby, J., Vela, L., & Housman, J. (2013). Understanding athletic trainers' beliefs toward a multifaceted sport-related concussion approach: Application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Athletic Training, 48, 636644.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ryan, T.D., & Clopton, A.W. (2011). Relationships between life satisfaction, supervisory support, and coaching satisfaction. International Journal of Sport Management, 12, 5062.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ryan, T.D., & Sagas, M. (2009). Relationships between pay satisfaction, work-family conflict, and coaching turnover intentions. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 15, 128140.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sagas, M., Cunningham, G.B., & Pastore, D. (2006). Predicting head coach intentions of male and female assistant coaches: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Sex Roles, 54, 695705. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9035-x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schwab, D.P.. (1980). Construct validity in organization behavior. In B.M. Staw, & L.L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 343). Greenwich, CT: JAI.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Streiner, D.L. (1994). Figuring out factors: The use and misuse of factor analysis. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 39(3), 135140. PubMed doi:10.1177/070674379403900303

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson.

  • Yim, Y., & Schafer, B.D. (2009). Police and their perceived image: How community influence officers’ job satisfaction. Police Practice and Research, 10(1), 1729. doi:10.1080/15614260802128658

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Young, I.P., Rinehart, J.S., & Heneman, H.G. (1993). Effects of job attributes categories, applicant job experience, and recruiter sex on applicant job attractiveness ratings. Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education, 7, 5566. doi:10.1007/BF00972349

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Young, I.P., Rinehart, J.S., & Place, W. (1989). Theories for teacher selection: Objective, subjective and critical contact. Teaching and Teacher Education, 5, 329336. doi:10.1016/0742-051X(89)90030-9

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 1499 832 7
Full Text Views 12 2 0
PDF Downloads 10 3 0