In this study, a modeling method was developed to estimate Achilles tendon forces in running. Owing to the common use of heel lift devices in the treatment of Achilles tendon injury, we investigated the influence of increased heel lift on Achilles tendon loading. The hypothesis was that heel lift manipulation can influence maximum Achilles tendon force. Responses to heel lift variation were found to differ among 3 elite runners demonstrating distinct running styles. A rearfoot and a midfoot striker demonstrated significant increases in maximum Achilles tendon force with increased heel lift, whereas a forefoot striker demonstrated no changes in maximum Achilles tendon force values with heel lift manipulation (p < .05). Analysis of the factors contributing to the observed changes in maximum Achilles tendon force highlighted the influence of the moment arm of ground reaction force and the moment arm of the Achilles tendon about the ankle joint center. The finding that increased heel lift may increase maximum Achilles tendon force suggests that caution is advised in the routine use of this intervention. The different responses to heel lift increase between subjects highlight the importance of classifying subjects based on running style.
The Influence of Heel Lift Manipulation on Achilles Tendon Loading in Running
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Sharon J. Dixon was with the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, at the time of the study and is now with the Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4. David G. Kerwin is with the Department of Sports Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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