Mental Performance Consultants’ Perspectives on Content and Delivery of Sport Psychology Services to Masters Athletes

Click name to view affiliation

Tyler Makepeace School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Search for other papers by Tyler Makepeace in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
and
Bradley W. Young School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Search for other papers by Bradley W. Young in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

In the absence of sport psychology resources for Masters Athletes, mental performance consultants could benefit from information to assist consultancy with older adult athletes. We conducted semistructured interviews to explore 10 Canadian professional mental performance consultants’ (two men and eight women) perspectives of targeted content and the nature of service delivery to Masters Athletes. Following inductive thematic analysis, results for Content of Sport Psychology related to performance readiness (e.g., preparatory routines, mental focus plans); prioritizing sport (e.g., balance/time management, recruiting social support); preserving sport enjoyment (e.g., self-reflection, gratitude/sport as opportunity); and age-related considerations (e.g., managing changing physical realities). Results pertaining to Addressing and Delivering Sport Psychology Services included considerations toward age-related attributes (e.g., values/identity, engaged/invested clients) and accommodating barriers/constraints (e.g., time, stigma). Our results show there are novel considerations when consulting with Masters Athletes, and we discuss what these findings mean for adult-oriented approaches in applied practice.

  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • Allen, A.B., & Leary, M.R. (2014). Self-compassionate responses to aging. The Gerontologist, 54(2), 190200. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns204

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Appleby, K.M., & Dieffenbach, K. (2016). “Older and faster”: Exploring elite masters cyclists’ involvement in competitive sport. The Sport Psychologist, 30(1), 1323. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0110

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Barrell, G., Chamberlain, A., Evans, J., Holt, T., & Mackean, J. (1989). Ideology and commitment to family life: A case study of runners. Leisure Studies, 8(3), 249262. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614368900390261

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Blando, J. (2011). Counselling older adults. Routledge.

  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper, P.M. Camic, D.L. Long, A.T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K.J. Sher (Eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology (Vol. 2.) research designs (pp. 5771). APA.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2020). One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18, 125.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Callary, B., Rathwell, S., & Young, B.W. (2017). Alignment of masters swim coaches’ approaches with the andragogy in practice model. International Sport Coaching Journal, 4(2), 177190. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2016-0102

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Canadian Sport Psychology Association. (n.d.). Full list of professional members. Retrieved August 7, 2019, from https://www.cspa-acps.com/find-a-consultant.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Collins, J., & Durand-Bush, N. (2014). Strategies used by an elite curling coach to nurture athletes’ self-regulation: A case study. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(2), 211224. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2013.819823

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE.

  • Dionigi, R.A. (2015). Pathways to Masters sport: Sharing stories from sport “continuers,” “rekindlers” and “late bloomers.” In E. Tulle & C. Phoenix (Eds.), Physical activity and sport in later life (pp. 5468). Palgrave Macmillan.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dionigi, R.A., Baker, J., & Horton, S. (2011). Older athletes’ perceived benefits of competition. The International Journal of Sport & Society, 2(2), 1728. https://doi.org/10.18848/2152-7857/CGP/v02i02/53869

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dionigi, R.A., Fraser-Thomas, J., & Logan, J. (2012). The nature of family influences on sport participation in Masters athletes. Annals of Leisure Research, 15(4), 366388. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2012.744274

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dionigi, R.A., Horton, S., & Baker, J. (2013). Negotiations of the ageing process: Older adults’ stories of sports participation. Sport, Education & Society, 18(3), 370387. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2011.589832

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dionigi, R., & O’Flynn, G. (2007). Performance discourses and old age: What does it mean to be an older athlete? Sociology of Sport Journal, 24(4), 359377. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.24.4.359

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gabana, N.T., Steinfeldt, J., Wong, Y.J., Chung, Y.B., & Svetina, D. (2019). Attitude of gratitude: Exploring the implementation of a gratitude intervention with college athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 31(3), 273284. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2018.1498956

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Homan, K.J. (2016). Self-compassion and psychological well-being in older adults. Journal of Adult Development, 23(2), 111119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-016-9227-8

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kitzinger, J. (1995). Qualitative research: Introducing focus groups. BMJ, 311(7000), 299302. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7000.299

  • Knowles, M.S., Holton, E.F., & Swanson, R.A. (2012). The adult learner (7th ed.). Routledge.

  • Lambert, V.A., & Lambert, C.E. (2012). Qualitative descriptive research: An acceptable design. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research, 16, 255256.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Langley, D.J., & Knight, S.M. (1999). Continuity in sport participation as an adaptive strategy in the aging process: A lifespan narrative. Journal of Aging & Physical Activity, 7(1), 3254. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.7.1.32

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Larson, H.K., McHugh, T.-L.F., Young, B.W., & Rodgers, W.M. (2019). Pathways from youth to masters swimming: Exploring long-term influences of youth swimming experiences. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 41, 1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.007

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lincoln, Y.S., Lynham, S.A., & Guba, E.G. (2018). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences, revisited. In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 108150). SAGE.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • MacLellan, J., Callary, B., & Young, B.W. (2019). Adult learning principles in Masters sport: A coach’s perspective. Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education, 31, 3150.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Medic, N. (2010). Masters athletes. In S.J. Hanrahan & M.B. Andersen (Eds.), Routledge handbook of applied sport psychology: A comprehensive guide for students and practitioners (pp. 387395). Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Makepeace, T., & Young, B.W. (2021). Sport psychology and masters athletes: Implications for coaches. In B. Callary, B.W. Young, & S. Rathwell (Eds.), Coaching Masters athletes: Advancing research and practice in adult sport (pp. 7892). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003025368.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Makepeace, T., Young, B.W., & Rathwell, S. (2021). Masters athletes’ views on sport psychology for performance enhancement and sport lifestyle adherence. The Sport Psychologist, 3, 200212. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2020-0110

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Morse, J.M., Barrett, M., Mayan, M., Olson, K., & Spiers, J. (2002). Verification strategies for establishing reliability and validity in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(2), 1322. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690200100202

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Mosewich, A.D., Sabiston, C.M., Kowalski, K.C., Gaudreau, P., & Crocker, P.R. (2019). Self-compassion in the stress process in women athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 33(1), 2334. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2017-0094

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self & Identity, 2(2), 85101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Newburg, D., Durand-Bush, N., & Doell, K. (2002). The role of resonance in performance excellence and life engagement. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(4), 249267. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103545

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Poucher, Z.A., Tamminen, K.A., Caron, J.G., & Sweet, S.N. (2020). Thinking through and designing qualitative research studies: A focused mapping review of 30 years of qualitative research in sport psychology. International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 163186. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2019.1656276

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sheehy, T., Zizzi, S., Dieffenbach, K., & Sharp, L.A. (2019). “ . . . Didn’t only change my coaching, changed my life”: Coaches’ use of sport psychology for their own development and performance. The Sport Psychologist, 33(2), 137147. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2018-0061

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Smith, B., & McGannon, K.R. (2018). Developing rigor in qualitative research: Problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology. International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 101121. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2017.1317357

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tenenbaum, G., & Eklund, R.C. (2020). Handbook of sport psychology (4th ed.). Wiley & Sons.

  • Tinning, R. (1997). Performance and participation discourses in human movement: Towards a socially critical physical education. In J. Fernandez-Balboa (Ed.), Critical postmodernism in human movement, physical education, and sport (pp. 99119). SUNY Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vealey, R.S. (2007). Mental skills training in sport. In G. Tenenbaum & R.C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 287309). Wiley & Sons.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Weir, P., Baker, J., & Horton, S. (2010). The emergence of Masters sport: Participatory trends and historical developments. In J. Baker, S. Horton, & P. Weir (Eds.), The masters athlete: Understanding the role of sport and exercise in optimizing aging (pp. 714). Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Young, B.W. (2011). Psycho-social perspectives on the motivation and commitment of Masters athletes. In N.L. Holt & M. Talbot (Eds.), Lifelong engagement in sport and physical activity (pp. 125138). Routledge & ICSSPE.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Young, B.W., & Callary, B. (2018). Doing “more for adult sport”: Promotional and programmatic efforts to offset adults’ psychosocial obstacles. In R. Dionigi & M. Gard (Eds.), Sport and physical activity across the lifespan (pp. 263282). Palgrave Macmillan.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Young, B.W., de Jong, G.C., & Medic, N. (2015). Examining relationships between passion types, conflict, and negative outcomes in masters athletes. International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 13(2), 132149. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2014.932822

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Young, B.W., Rathwell, S., & Callary, B. (2021). The emergence of Masters sport and the rising importance of coaches. In B. Callary, B.W. Young, & S. Rathwell (Eds.), Coaching Masters athletes: Advancing research and practice in adult sport (pp. 114). Taylor & Francis.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 2601 520 48
Full Text Views 197 83 2
PDF Downloads 170 52 3