High-Speed Bodyweight Resistance Training Improves Functional Performance Through Maximal Velocity in Older Females

in Journal of Aging and Physical Activity
Cristian Jaque, Phillip Véliz, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Jason Moran, Paulo Gentil, and Jorge Cancino
View More View Less
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2020-0129
Keywords:
aged; exercise therapy; frailty; human physical conditioning; muscle strength
In Print:
Ahead of Print
Pages:
1–11
Restricted access

Purchase article

USD  $24.95

Student 1 year online subscription

USD  $77.00

1 year online subscription

USD  $103.00

Student 2 year online subscription

USD  $147.00

2 year online subscription

USD  $196.00
Subscribe to this Journal

  • Purchase article

    USD  $24.95

  • Student 1 year online subscription

    USD  $77.00

  • 1 year online subscription

    USD  $103.00

  • Student 2 year online subscription

    USD  $147.00

  • 2 year online subscription

    USD  $196.00

The authors compared the effects of bodyweight resistance training at moderate- or high-speed conditions on muscle power, velocity of movement, and functional performance in older females. In a randomized, single-blinded noncontrolled trial, participants completed 12 weeks (three sessions/week) of bodyweight resistance training at high (n = 14; age = 70.6 ± 4.3 years) or moderate (n = 12; age = 72.8 ± 4.2 years) speeds. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance (Group × Time) with α level set at <.05. After the intervention, timed up and go test performance (p < .05) and the rising from a chair test mean (22.4%) and maximal velocity (28.5%), mean (24.4%) and maximal power (27.7%), normalized mean (25.1%), and normalized maximal power (28.5%) increased in the high-speed group (p < .05). However, the moderate-speed group achieved no improvements (Δ6.7–14.4%; p > .2). The authors conclude that high-speed bodyweight resistance training is an effective and economically practical strategy to improve the functional capacity of older women relevant to daily life activities.

Jaque and Véliz are with the Magíster en Fisiología Clínica del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile. Jaque is also with the Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Ramirez-Campillo is with the Laboratory of Human Performance, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile. Moran is with the School of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom. Gentil is with the Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiania, Brazil. Cancino is with the Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.

Cancino (jcancino@uft.cl) is corresponding author.

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

Cover Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

  • Alfuraih, A.M., Tan, A.L., O’Connor, P., Emery, P., & Wakefield, R.J. (2019). The effect of ageing on shear wave elastography muscle stiffness in adults. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(12), 1755–1763. PubMed ID: 30762201 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bottaro, M., Machado, S.N., Nogueira, W., Scales, R., & Veloso, J. (2007). Effect of high versus low-velocity resistance training on muscular fitness and functional performance in older men. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(3), 257–264. PubMed ID: 17146693 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Brady, A.O., & Straight, C.R. (2014). Muscle capacity and physical function in older women: What are the impacts of resistance training? Journal of Sport and Health Science, 3(3), 179–188. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Campbell, M.J., McComas, A.J., & Petito, F. (1973). Physiological changes in ageing muscles. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 36(2), 174–182. PubMed ID: 4708452 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chen, P.Y., Wei, S.H., Hsieh, W.L., Cheen, J.R., Chen, L.K., & Kao, C.L. (2012). Lower limb power rehabilitation (LLPR) using interactive video game for improvement of balance function in older people. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 55(3), 677–682. PubMed ID: 22795360 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Clemencon, M., Hautier, C.A., Rahmani, A., Cornu, C., & Bonnefoy, M. (2008). Potential role of optimal velocity as a qualitative factor of physical functional performance in women aged 72 to 96 years. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 89(8), 1594–1599. PubMed ID: 18674993 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for behavioral sciences (revised ed.). New York, NY: Academic Press.

  • Cuoco, A., Callahan, D.M., Sayers, S., Frontera, W.R., Bean, J., & Fielding, R.A. (2004). Impact of muscle power and force on gait speed in disabled older men and women. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 59(11), 1200–1206. PubMed ID: 15602076 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • De Vito, G., Bernardi, M., Forte, R., Pulejo, C., Macaluso, A., & Figura, F. (1998). Determinants of maximal instantaneous muscle power in women aged 50–75 years. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 78(1), 59–64. PubMed ID: 9660157 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Fisher, J.P., Steele, J., Gentil, P., Giessing, J., & Westcott, W.L. (2017). A minimal dose approach to resistance training for the older adult; the prophylactic for aging. Experimental Gerontology, 99, 80–86. PubMed ID: 28962853 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Foldvari, M., Clark, M., Laviolette, L.C., Bernstein, M.A., Kaliton, D., Castaneda, C., . . . Singh, M.A. (2000). Association of muscle power with functional status in community-dwelling elderly women. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55(4), M192–M199. PubMed ID: 10811148 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Fujita, E., Taaffe, D.R., Yoshitake, Y., & Kanehisa, H. (2019). Repeated sit-to-stand exercise enhances muscle strength and reduces lower body muscular demands in physically frail elders. Experimental Gerontology, 116, 86–92. PubMed ID: 30593854 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Glenn, J.M., Gray, M., Vincenzo, J.L., & Stone, M.S. (2016). Functional lower-body power: A comparison study between physically inactive, recreationally active, and masters athlete late-middle-aged adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 24(4), 501–507. PubMed ID: 26796422 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gray, M., & Paulson, S. (2014). Developing a measure of muscular power during a functional task for older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 14(1), 145. PubMed ID: 25551186 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hakkinen, K., Alen, M., Kallinen, M., Newton, R.U., & Kraemer, W.J. (2000). Neuromuscular adaptation during prolonged strength training, detraining and re-strength-training in middle-aged and elderly people. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 83(1), 51–62. PubMed ID: 11072774 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Harrison, J.S. (2010). Bodyweight training: A return to basics. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 32(2), 52–55. doi:

  • Hazell, T., Kenno, K., & Jakobi, J. (2007). Functional benefit of power training for older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 15(3), 349–359. PubMed ID: 17724399 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hruda, K.V., Hicks, A.L., & McCartney, N. (2003). Training for muscle power in older adults: Effects on functional abilities. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 28(2), 178–189. PubMed ID: 12825328 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Li, F., Eckstrom, E., Harmer, P., Fitzgerald, K., Voit, J., & Cameron, K.A. (2016). Exercise and fall prevention: Narrowing the research-to-practice gap and enhancing integration of clinical and community practice. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(2), 425–431. PubMed ID: 26825429 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lindemann, U., Farahmand, P., Klenk, J., Blatzonis, K., & Becker, C. (2015). Validity of linear encoder measurement of sit-to-stand performance power in older people. Physiotherapy, 101(3), 298–302. PubMed ID: 25796540 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lindemann, U., Mohr, C., Machann, J., Blatzonis, K., Rapp, K., & Becker, C. (2016). Association between thigh muscle volume and leg muscle power in older women. PLoS One, 11(6), e0157885. PubMed ID: 27315060 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lopes, P.B., Pereira, G., Lodovico, A., Bento, P.C., & Rodacki, A.L. (2016). Strength and power training effects on lower limb force, functional capacity, and static and dynamic balance in older female adults. Rejuvenation Research, 19(5), 385–393. PubMed ID: 26707497 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Marfell-Jones, M., Olds, T., Stewart, A., & Carter, L. (2006). International standards for anthropometric assessment. Potchefstroom, South Africa: International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Marques, E.A., Mota, J., Machado, L., Sousa, F., Coelho, M., Moreira, P., & Carvalho, J. (2011). Multicomponent training program with weight-bearing exercises elicits favorable bone density, muscle strength, and balance adaptations in older women. Calcified Tissue International, 88(2), 117–129. PubMed ID: 21113584 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mayson, D.J., Kiely, D.K., LaRose, S.I., & Bean, J.F. (2008). Leg strength or velocity of movement: Which is more influential on the balance of mobility limited elders? American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 87(12), 969–976. PubMed ID: 19033758 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • MINSAL. Manual de Aplicación del Examen de Medicina Preventiva del Adulto Mayor EMPAM. Gobierno de Chile. Retrieved from Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL) http://web.minsal.cl/sites/default/files/files/PDF%20Examen%20de%20Medicina%20Preventiva%20del%20Adulto%20Mayor.pdf

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Moran, J., Ramirez-Campillo, R., & Granacher, U. (2018). Effects of jumping exercise on muscular power in older adults: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 48(12), 2843–2857. PubMed ID: 30341594 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mosallanezhad, Z., Salavati, M., Sotoudeh, G.R., Nilsson Wikmar, L., & Frandin, K. (2014). Walking habits and health-related factors in 75-year-old Iranian women and men. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 58(3), 320–326. PubMed ID: 24355928 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Orssatto, L.B.R., Bezerra, E.S., Schoenfeld, B.J., & Diefenthaeler, F. (2020). Lean, fast and strong: Determinants of functional performance in the elderly. Clinical Biomechanics, 78, 105073. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pereira, A., Izquierdo, M., Silva, A.J., Costa, A.M., Bastos, E., Gonzalez-Badillo, J.J., & Marques, M.C. (2012). Effects of high-speed power training on functional capacity and muscle performance in older women. Experimental Gerontology, 47(3), 250–255. PubMed ID: 22234287 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Perkisas, S., De Cock, A., Verhoeven, V., & Vandewoude, M. (2016). Physiological and architectural changes in the ageing muscle and their relation to strength and function in sarcopenia. European Geriatric Medicine, 7(3), 201–206. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Perry, M.C., Carville, S.F., Smith, I.C., Rutherford, O.M., & Newham, D.J. (2007). Strength, power output and symmetry of leg muscles: Effect of age and history of falling. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(5), 553–561. PubMed ID: 16847676 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Piirainen, J.M., Cronin, N.J., Avela, J., & Linnamo, V. (2014). Effects of plyometric and pneumatic explosive strength training on neuromuscular function and dynamic balance control in 60-70year old males. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology, 24(2), 246–252. PubMed ID: 24581701 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pinto, R.S., Correa, C.S., Radaelli, R., Cadore, E.L., Brown, L.E., & Bottaro, M. (2014). Short-term strength training improves muscle quality and functional capacity of elderly women. Age, 36(1), 365–372. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Podsiadlo, D., & Richardson, S. (1991). The timed “Up & Go”: A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39(2), 142–148. PubMed ID: 1991946 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pojednic, R.M., Clark, D.J., Patten, C., Reid, K., Phillips, E.M., & Fielding, R.A. (2012). The specific contributions of force and velocity to muscle power in older adults. Experimental Gerontology, 47(8), 608–613. PubMed ID: 22626972 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ramirez-Campillo, R., Alvarez, C., Garcia-Hermoso, A., Celis-Morales, C., Ramirez-Velez, R., Gentil, P., & Izquierdo, M. (2018). High-speed resistance training in elderly women: Effects of cluster training sets on functional performance and quality of life. Experimental Gerontology, 110, 216–222. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ramirez-Campillo, R., Alvarez, C., Garcia-Hermoso, A., Ramirez-Velez, R., Gentil, P., Asadi, A., . . . Izquierdo, M. (2018). Methodological characteristics and future directions for plyometric jump training research: A scoping review. Sports Medicine, 48(5), 1059–1081. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ramirez-Campillo, R., Castillo, A., de la Fuente, C.I., Campos-Jara, C., Andrade, D.C., Alvarez, C., . . . Izquierdo, M. (2014). High-speed resistance training is more effective than low-speed resistance training to increase functional capacity and muscle performance in older women. Experimental Gerontology, 58C, 51–57. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ramirez-Campillo, R., Martinez, C., de La Fuente, C.I., Cadore, E.L., Marques, M.C., Nakamura, F.Y., . . . Izquierdo, M. (2016). High-speed resistance training in older women: The role of supervision. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 25, 1–9. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Reid, K.F., & Fielding, R.A. (2012). Skeletal muscle power: A critical determinant of physical functioning in older adults. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 40(1), 4–12. PubMed ID: 22016147 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Richardson, D.L., Duncan, M.J., Jimenez, A., Jones, V.M., Juris, P.M., & Clarke, N.D. (2018). Movement velocity during high- and low-velocity resistance exercise protocols in older adults. Experimental Gerontology, 107, 140–147. PubMed ID: 28964827 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Saez de Villarreal, E., Requena, B., Arampatzi, F., & Salonikidis, K. (2010). Effect of plyometric training on chair-rise, jumping and sprinting performance in three age groups of women. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 50(2), 166–173.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Santi, G., Bruton, A., Pietrantoni, L., & Mellalieu, S. (2014). Sport commitment and participation in masters swimmers: The influence of coach and teammates. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(8), 852–860. PubMed ID: 24826953 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sculthorpe, N.F., Herbert, P., & Grace, F. (2017). One session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) every 5 days, improves muscle power but not static balance in lifelong sedentary ageing men: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine, 96(6), e6040. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Studenski, S., Perera, S., Patel, K., Rosano, C., Faulkner, K., Inzitari, M., . . . Guralnik, J. (2011). Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA, 305(1), 50–58. PubMed ID: 21205966 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sugimoto, D., Myer, G.D., Bush, H.M., & Hewett, T.E. (2014). Effects of compliance on trunk and hip integrative neuromuscular training on hip abductor strength in female athletes. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1187–1194. PubMed ID: 24751656 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sugimoto, D., Myer, G.D., Bush, H.M., Klugman, M.F., Medina McKeon, J.M., & Hewett, T.E. (2012). Compliance with neuromuscular training and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk reduction in female athletes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(6), 714–723. PubMed ID: 23182020 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tan, Q.L.L., Chye, L.M.Y., Ng, D.H.M., Chong, M.S., Ng, T.P., & Wee, S.L. (2018). Feasibility of a community-based Functional Power Training program for older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 13, 309–316. PubMed ID: 29503535 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tseng, B.S., Marsh, D.R., Hamilton, M.T., & Booth, F.W. (1995). Strength and aerobic training attenuate muscle wasting and improve resistance to the development of disability with aging. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 50, 113–119.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tsuzuku, S., Kajioka, T., Endo, H., Abbott, R.D., Curb, J.D., & Yano, K. (2007). Favorable effects of non-instrumental resistance training on fat distribution and metabolic profiles in healthy elderly people. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(5), 549–555. PubMed ID: 17219171 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Vetrovsky, T., Steffl, M., Stastny, P., & Tufano, J.J. (2019). The efficacy and safety of lower-limb plyometric training in older adults: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 49(1), 113–131. PubMed ID: 30387072 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Warner, L.M., Ziegelmann, J.P., Schuz, B., Wurm, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2011). Synergistic effect of social support and self-efficacy on physical exercise in older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 19(3), 249–261. PubMed ID: 21727305 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Watanabe, Y., Tanimoto, M., Oba, N., Sanada, K., Miyachi, M., & Ishii, N. (2015). Effect of resistance training using bodyweight in the elderly: Comparison of resistance exercise movement between slow and normal speed movement. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 15(12), 1270–1277. PubMed ID: 25598234 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wilhelm, E.N., Rech, A., Minozzo, F., Radaelli, R., Botton, C.E., & Pinto, R.S. (2014). Relationship between quadriceps femoris echo intensity, muscle power, and functional capacity of older men. Age, 36(3), 9625. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • WMA. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194. doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yamauchi, J., Nakayama, S., & Ishii, N. (2009). Effects of bodyweight-based exercise training on muscle functions of leg multi-joint movement in elderly individuals. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 9(3), 262–269. PubMed ID: 19702936 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yanagawa, N., Shimomitsu, T., Kawanishi, M., Fukunaga, T., & Kanehisa, H. (2015). Sex difference in age-related changes in knee extensor strength and power production during a 10-times-repeated sit-to-stand task in Japanese elderly. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 34(1), 40. PubMed ID: 26573087 doi:

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 594 594 215
Full Text Views 10 10 2
PDF Downloads 9 9 2