Factor Structure and Gender Invariance Testing for the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2)

in Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology

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Leilani A. Madrigal California State University Long Beach

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Vincenzo Roma University of Nebraska-Lincoln

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Todd Caze University of Nebraska-Lincoln

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Arthur Maerlender University of Nebraska-Lincoln

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Debra Hope University of Nebraska-Lincoln

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2016-0036
Keywords:
athletes; psychometrics; reliability; validation
In Print:
Volume 12: Issue 2
Page Range:
201–217
Restricted access

This study aimed to provide further psychometric validation of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) by assessing the factor structure, invariance across gender, and convergent and divergent validity of the SAS-2 by correlating both related (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, brief fear of negative evaluation, intolerance of uncertainty, and negative affect) and unrelated constructs (i.e., positive affect, self-confidence). A total of 542 current and former competitive athletes completed a questionnaire through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk system. All data were collected via online survey. Participants were randomly assigned to an exploratory factor analysis (n = 271) and confirmatory factor analysis group (n = 271). Results indicated that both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-factor model of anxiety involving somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption. Additionally, this study found the SAS-2 to be reliable, gender invariant, and have strong construct validity. Our findings extend the generalizability of the SAS-2 in more varied populations of athletic backgrounds.

Madrigal is with the Dept. of Kinesiology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA. Roma, Caze, and Hope are with the Dept. of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE. Maerlender is with the Center for Brain, Biology, & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE.

Address author correspondence to Leilani A. Madrigal at leilani.madrigal@csulb.edu.
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Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology

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