The Journey of Service Delivery Competence in Applied Sport Psychology: The Arc of Development for New Professionals

in Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology

Click name to view affiliation

Jana L. Fogaca University of Wisconsin – Green Bay

Search for other papers by Jana L. Fogaca in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
,
Jack C. Watson II West Virginia University

Search for other papers by Jack C. Watson II in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
, and
Sam J. Zizzi West Virginia University

Search for other papers by Sam J. Zizzi in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
Restricted access

A fundamental issue in applied sport psychology is the development of competent professionals who can provide effective and ethical services to clients. The current study uses a qualitative longitudinal design to track the development of five novice sport psychology practitioners in their first year of practice. The research team analyzed and integrated data from surveys, interviews, and journals to understand the participants’ experiences and compare them to previous literature on practitioner development. Participants reported increased confidence and flexibility over time, and reduced their perceived anxiety and dependence on supervision. These changes were similar in nature to what has been reported for counseling trainees, but seemed to happen more quickly. These findings highlight important developmental characteristics of first year sport psychology practitioners, which can help graduate programs to tailor their supervision and training to their students’ needs.

Fogaca is with the Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI. Watson and Zizzi are with the College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.

Address author correspondence to Fogaca at fogacaj@uwgb.edu.
  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • Auerbach, C.F., & Silverstein, L.B. (2003). Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York, NY: New York University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brown, C. (2012). Performance consultation readiness checklist (PCRC). Retrieved from http://headinthegame.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Skill-checklist-ver-8.0-PCRC.pdf

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brown, C., & Hays, K. (2003, October). Taking inventory: Are you ready for performance consulting? Workshop presented at the 18th Annual Conference of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, Philadelphia, PA.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

  • Clark, V.L., & Creswell, J.W. (2008). Mixed methods reader. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

  • Fogaca, J.L., Zizzi, S.J., & Andersen, M.B. (2018). Walking multiple paths of supervision in American sport psychology: A qualitative tale of novice supervisees’ development. The Sport Psychologist, 32, 156165. doi:10.1123/tsp.2017-0048

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Glasser, B.G., & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago, IL: Adline.

  • Holt, N.L., & Strean, W.B. (2001). Reflecting on initiating sport psychology consultation: A self-narrative of neophyte practice. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 188204. doi:10.1123/tsp.15.2.188

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hutter, R.I., & Bruin, A.P. (2016). Supervising the millennial. In J.G. Cremades & L.S. Tashman (Eds.), Global practices and training in applied sport, exercise, and performance psychology: A case study approach (pp. 262270). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis. doi:10.4324/9781315624969

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hutter, R.I., Oldenhof-Veldman, T., & Oudejans, R.D. (2015). What trainee sport psychologists want to learn in supervision. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 101109. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.003

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hutter, R.I., Oldenhof-Veldman, T., Pijpers, J.R., & Oudejans, R.D. (2016). Professional development in sport psychology: Relating learning experiences to learning outcomes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29, 116. doi:10.1080/10413200.2016.1183152

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of It: How difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal or Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 11211134. PubMed ID: 10626367 doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lepkowski, W.J., Packman, J., Smaby, M.H., & Maddux, C. (2009). Comparing self and expert assessments of counseling skills before and after skills training, and upon graduation. Education, 29, 363371.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Loganbill, C., Hardy, E., & Delworth, U. (1982). Supervision: A conceptual model. The Counseling Psychologist, 10, 342. doi:10.1177/0011000082101002

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rabinowitz, F.E., Heppner, P.P., & Roehlke, H.J. (1986). Descriptive study of process and outcome variables of supervision over time. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33, 292300. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.33.3.292

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rønnestad, M.H., & Skovholt, T.M. (2003). The journey of the counselor and therapist: Research findings and perspectives on professional development. Journal of Career Development, 30, 544. doi:10.1177/089484530303000102

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rosen, G.A., & Lipkins, R.H. (2016). Sport psychology certification job task analysis and validation. Indianapolis, IN: Association for Applied Sport Psychology.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Saldaña, J. (2003). Longitudinal qualitative research. New York, NY: Alta Mira Press.

  • Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

  • Schinke, R.J., Si, G., Zhang, L, Elbe, A., Watson, J., Harwood, C., & Terry, P.C. (2018). Joint position stand of the ISSP, FEPSAC, ASPASP, and AASP on professional accreditation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 38, 107115. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.06.005.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Smith, B., & McGannon, K.R. (2017). Developing rigor in qualitative research: Problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 101121. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2017.1317357

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Stoltenberg, C.D., & McNeil, B. (2009). IDM supervision: An integrated developmental model for supervising counselors and therapists. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. doi:10.4324/9780203893388

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tammen, V.V. (2000). First internship experiences– Or, what I did on holiday. In M.B. Andersen (Ed.), Doing sport psychology (pp. 181192). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tod, D. (2007). The long and winding road: Professional development in sport psychology. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 94108. doi:10.1123/tsp.21.1.94

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tod, D., Andersen, M.B., & Marchant, D.B. (2009). A longitudinal examination of neophyte applied sport psychologists’ development. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(Suppl. 1), S1S16. doi:10.1080/10413200802593604

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tod, D., & Bond, K. (2010). A longitudinal examination of a British neophyte sport psychologist’s development. The Sport Psychologist, 24, 3551. doi:10.1123/tsp.24.1.35

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tod, D., Marchant, D., & Andersen, M.B. (2007). Learning experiences contributing to service-delivery competence. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 317334. doi:10.1123/tsp.21.3.317

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tonn, E., & Harmison, R.J. (2004). Thrown to the wolves: A student’s account of her practicum experience. The Sport Psychologist, 18, 324340. doi:10.1123/tsp.18.3.324

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 2639 1088 45
Full Text Views 71 21 2
PDF Downloads 56 18 3