Me, Myself, and My Thoughts: The Influence of Brooding and Reflective Rumination on Depressive Symptoms in Athletes in the United Kingdom

in Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology

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Richard TahtinenLiverpool John Moores University

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Michael McDougallLiverpool John Moores University
Keystone College

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Niels FeddersenLiverpool John Moores University

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Olli TikkanenFibion.inc

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Robert MorrisLiverpool John Moores University

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Noora J. RonkainenLiverpool John Moores University
University of Jyväskylä

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2019-0039
Keywords:
cognitive vulnerability; depression; mental health; sport
First Published Online:
04 Dec 2019
In Print:
Volume 14: Issue 3
Page Range:
285–304
Restricted access

Individual differences in vulnerability to depression are still underexplored in athletes. We tested the influence of different brooding and reflective rumination profiles (i.e., repetitive thought processes in response to low/depressed mood) on the odds of experiencing clinically relevant depressive symptoms in competitive athletes (N = 286). The Patient Health Questionnaire–9 and the Ruminative Responses Scale–short form were utilized to measure depression and rumination, respectively. Compared to athletes with a low brooding/reflection profile, athletes with a high brooding/reflection profile had significantly higher odds of experiencing clinical levels of depressive symptoms (OR = 13.40, 95% CI = 3.81–47.11). A high reflection/low brooding profile was not, however, related to increased odds of depressive symptoms. Future research could extend our findings by exploring determinants of ruminative tendencies, especially brooding, in athletes. Furthermore, psychological interventions targeting rumination could be examined as a potential prevention and treatment approach to tackling depressive symptoms in athletes.

Tahtinen, McDougall, Feddersen, Morris, and Ronkainen are with the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom. McDougall is also with Turock School of Arts and Sciences, Keystone College, La Plume, PA. Tikkanen is with Fibion.inc, Jyväskylä, Finland. Ronkainen is also with the Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.

Tahtinen (R.E.Tahtinen@2017.ljmu.ac.uk) is corresponding author.
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