A Narrative Review of Heart Rate Variability as a Good Index of Psychophysical Health in Athletes and in Biofeedback Training

in Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology

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Carlo Pruneti Laboratory of Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology and Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy

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Simone Ferrari Laboratory of Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology and Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy

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Sara Guidotti Laboratory of Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology and Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2022-0016
Keywords:
sympathovagal balance; overtraining; psychophysiology; stress
First Published Online:
24 Mar 2023
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Ahead of Print
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1–28
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Stress is a psychophysical condition that causes an impairment in athletes’ performance by causing an increase in sympathetic activity and an autonomic imbalance. The current methods for the measurement of psychophysiological stress introduce the use of the heart rate variability as a useful index of the well-being of these people. The heart rate variability corresponds to the time intervals between consecutive heartbeats, such as an irregularity in the normal sinus heart rhythm whose variability is due to the control exercised by a complex system of mechanisms, including the respiratory control system, and provides information about the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. This review aims at summarizing the promising results, despite small amount, of the recent literature on the efficacy of heart rate variability biofeedback on the autonomic imbalance and psychophysical well-being of athletes as well as cognitive and motor performance.

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