Fundamental Motor Skill Performance of Indigenous and Nonindigenous Children

in Journal of Motor Learning and Development
Marcelo Gonçalves Duarte * , 1 , Glauber Carvalho Nobre * , 2 , Thábata Viviane Brandão Gomes * , 3 , and Rodolfo Novelino Benda * , 3
View More View Less
  • 1 Federal University of Amazonas
  • 2 Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology
  • 3 Federal University of Pelotas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2019-0050
Keywords:
motor development; motor performance; childhood; village
In Print:
Volume 9: Issue 1
Pages:
14–27
Restricted access

Purchase article

USD  $24.95

Student 1 year online subscription

USD  $42.00

1 year online subscription

USD  $56.00

Student 2 year online subscription

USD  $80.00

2 year online subscription

USD  $107.00
Subscribe to this Journal

  • Purchase article

    USD  $24.95

  • Student 1 year online subscription

    USD  $42.00

  • 1 year online subscription

    USD  $56.00

  • Student 2 year online subscription

    USD  $80.00

  • 2 year online subscription

    USD  $107.00

Background: Studies related to the motor performance of children have suggested an interaction between organisms and the environment. Although motor development seems to be similar among people, the behavior is specific to the context that people are part of. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the fundamental motor skill performance between indigenous (IN) and nonindigenous children. Methods: One hundred and thirteen children (43 IN and 70 nonindigenous children) between 8 and 10 years of age underwent the Test of Gross Motor Development—2. Results: A multivariate analysis showed a significant group main effect on both locomotor (p < .01) and object control (p < .01) performance with large and medium effect sizes (ηp2 values = .57–.40, respectively). The IN showed the highest scores for galloping, hopping, leaping, jumping, sliding, striking a stationary ball, stationary dribbling, catching a ball, kicking, and overhand throwing (p < .01) with small to large effect sizes (ηp2 values = .05–.50). Conclusion: The IN presented the highest levels of performance in fundamental motor skills compared with those of nonindigenous children. Most likely, IN have more opportunities for motor development in the environmental context (i.e., villages) where they live.

Duarte is with the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Amazonas, Parintins, Brazil. Nobre is with the Department of Physical Education, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Fortaleza, Brazil. Gomes and Benda are with the Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.

Duarte (duartemg83@gmail.com) is corresponding author.

Journal of Motor Learning and Development

Cover Journal of Motor Learning and Development

  • Adeyemi-Walke, L.A., Duncan, M., Tallis, J., & Eyre, E. (2018). Fundamental motor skills of children in deprived areas of England: A focus on age, gender and ethnicity. Children, 5(1), 1–14. doi:10.3390/children5080110

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bardid, F., Lenoir, M., Huyben, F., Martelaer, K., Seghers, J., Goodway, J.D., & Decninck, F.A. (2016). Assessing fundamental motor skills in Belgian children aged 3–8 years highlights differences to US reference sample. Acta Paediatrics, 105(6), 281–290. doi:10111/apa.13380

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bardid, F., Rudd, J.R., Lenoir, M., Polman, R., & Barnett, L.M. (2015). Cross-cultural comparison of motor competence in children from Australia and Belgium. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 964. PubMed ID: 26217282 doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00964

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Barnett, L., Lubans, D., Salmon, J., Timperio, A., & Ridgers, N.D. (2017). What is the contribution of actual motor skill, fitness, and physical activity to children’s self-perception of motor competence? Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 6(2), S461–S473. doi:10.1123/jmld.2016-0076

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Barnett, L.M., van Beurden, E., Morgan, P.J., Brooks, L.O., & Beard, J.R. (2010). Gender differences in motor skill proficiency from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal study. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 81(2), 162–170. PubMed ID: 20527301 doi:10.1080/02701367.2010.10599663

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bolger, L.A., Bolger, L.E., O’Neill, C., Coughlan, E., Lacey, S., O’Brien, W., & Burns, C. (2018). Age and sex differences in fundamental movement skills among a cohort of Irish school children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 6, 81–100. doi:10.1123/jmld.2017-0003

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Brasil. (2012). Renda média domiciliar per capita, trabalho e renda, 1991, 2000 e 2012. DATASUS—Ministério da Saúde—Departamento de informática do SUS. Retrieved from http://www2.datasus.gov.br/DATASUS/index.php?area=0206&id=7317548&VObj=http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?ibge/censo/cnv/renda

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Brian, A., Pennell, A., Taunton, S., Starrett, A., Howard, C., Goodway, J.D., … Stodden, D. (2019). Correction to: Motor competence levels and developmental delay in early childhood: A multicenter cross—Sectional study conducted in the USA. Sports Medicine, 10(19), 19–20. doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01156-z

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bürgi, F., Meyer, U., Granacher, U., Schindler, C., Marques-Vidal, P., Kriemler, S., & Puder, J.J. (2011). Relationship of physical activity with motor skills, aerobic fitness and body fat in preschool children: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study (Ballabeina). International Journal of Obesity, 35(7), 937–944. PubMed ID: 21448128 doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.54

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Burns, R.D., Brusseau, T., Fu, Y., & Hannon, J. (2015). Predictors and trends of gross motor skill performance in at-risk elementary school-aged children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 121(1), 284–299. PubMed ID: 26302189 doi:10.2466/10.15.pms.121c14x6

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Carvalhal, M.I.M., Silva, A.J., Raposo, J.J.V., Louro, H.G.D., & Leitão, L.F.M. (2008). A influência dos tempos livres no acesso à prática de atividades físicas e desportivas em jovens em idade escolar [The influence of free time in the access to practice of physical and sports activities in school age children]. Fitness & Performance, 7(2), 81–87. doi:10.3900/fpj.7.2.81.p

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chisholm, J.S. (1978). Swaddling, cradleboards and the development of children. Early Human Development, 2(3), 255–275. PubMed ID: 551929 doi:10.1016/0378-3782(78)90029-4

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cliff, D.P., Okely, A.D., Smith, L.M., & McKeen, K. (2009). Relationships between fundamental movement skills and objectively measured physical activity in preschool children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 21(4), 436–449. PubMed ID: 20128363 doi:10.1123/pes.21.4.436

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cohen, J. (1998). The concepts of power analysis. In J. Cohen (Ed.), Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (pp. 1–17). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cohn, C. (2002). A experiência da infância e o aprendizado entre os Xikrin [The childhood experience and learning among the Xikrin]. In A. Lopes da Silva, A.V.L.S. Macedo, & A. Nunes (Eds.), Crianças indígenas: ensaios antropológicos [Indigenous children: anthropological essays]. São Paulo, Brazil: Global.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Cureau, F.V., Silva, T.L.N., Bloch, K.V., Fujimori, E., Belfort, D.R., Carvalho, K.M.B., … Schaan, B.D. (2016). ERICA: Inatividade física no lazer em adolescentes brasileiros [ERICA: leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents]. Revista de Saúde Pública, 50(1), 4s. doi:10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006683

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Duncan, M.J., Jones, V., O’Brien, W., Barnett, L.M., & Eyre, E.L.J. (2018). Self-perceived and actual motor competence in young British children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 125(2), 251–264. PubMed ID: 29320925 doi:10.1177/0031512517752833

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Eyre, E.L., Walker, L.J., & Duncan, M.J. (2018). Fundamental movement skills of children living in England: The role of ethnicity and native English language. Perceptual Motor and Skills, 125(1), 5–20. doi:10.1177/0031512517745437

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Fisher, A., Reilly, J.J., Kelly, L.A., Montgomery, C., Williamson, A., Paton, J.Y., & Grant, S. (2005). Fundamental movement skills and habitual physical activity in young children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(4), 684–688. PubMed ID: 15809570 doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000159138.48107.7d

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Goodway, J.D., Robinson, L.E., & Crowe, H. (2010). Gender differences in fundamental motor skill development in disadvantaged preschoolers from two geographical regions. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 81(1), 17–24. PubMed ID: 20387395 doi:10.1080/02701367.2010.10599624

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Grosso, Y. (2004). Pexe Oxemoarai: brincadeiras infantis entre os índios Parakanâ [Pexe oxemoarai: Children’s play in the Parakanã Indians] (Doctoral dissertation). Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hardy, L.L, King, L., Farrel, L., MacNiven, R., & Howlett, S. (2010). Fundamental movement skills among Australian preschool children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(5), 503–508. PubMed ID: 19850520 doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.05.010

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hofferth, S.L. & Sandberg, J.E. (2001). How American children spend their time. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 63(2), 295–308. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00295.x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hulteen, R.M., Morgan, P.M., Barnett, L.M., Stodden, D.F., & Lubans, D.R. (2018). Development of foundational movement skills: A conceptual model for physical activity across the lifespan. Sports Medicine, 48(7), 1533–1540. PubMed ID: 29524160 doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0892-6

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hume, C., Okely, A., Bagley, S., Telford, A., Booth, M., Crawford, D., & Salmon, J. (2008). Does weight status influence associations between children’s fundamental movement skills and physical activity? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(2), 158–165. PubMed ID: 18664040 doi:10.1080/02701367.2008.10599479

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • IBGE. (2012). Tendências demográficas: uma análise dos indígenas com base nos resultados da amostra dos censos demográficos de 2000 e 2010 [Demographic trends: An indigenous analysis based on the results of the 2000 and 2010 demographic census sample]. Retrieved from íhttp://indígenas.ibge.gov.br/home-indigenas.html

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • IBGE. (2013). Metodologia do censo demográfico 2010 [Methodology of 2010 demographic census]. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: IBGE. Retrieved from https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/9662-censo-demografico-2010.html?edicao=9673&t=conceitos-e-metodos

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • IBGE. (2019). Dados demográficos da população brasileira [Demographic data of the Brazilian population]. Retrieved from https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kerfeld, C.I., Guthrie, M.R. & Steward, K.B. (1997). Evaluation of the Denver II as applied to Alaska native children. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 9(1), 23–31.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Liong, G.H.E., Ridgers, N.D., & Barnett, L.M. (2015). Associations between skill perceptions and young children’s actual fundamental movement skills. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 120(2), 591–603. PubMed ID: 25706343 doi:10.2466/10.25.pms.120v18x2

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lubans, D.R, Morgan, P.J., Cliff, D.P., Barnett, L.M., & Okely, A.D. (2010). Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents: Review of associated health benefits. Sports Medicine, 40(12), 1019–1935. PubMed ID: 21058749 doi:10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Malta, D.C., & Szwarcwald C.L. (2017). Pesquisas de base populacional e o monitoramento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis [Population-based surveys and monitoring of noncommunicable diseases]. Revista de Saúde Pública, 51(Suppl. 1), 2s. doi:10.1590/s1518-8787.201705100supl1ap

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Maroco, J. (2018). Análise Estatística com o SPSS Statistics [Statistical Analysis with SPSS Statistics] (7th ed.). Pêro Pinheiro, Portugal: ReportNumber, Lda.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Neto, A.S., Mascarenhas, L.P.G., Nunes, G.F., Lepre, C., & Campos, W. (2004). Relação entre fatores ambientais e habilidades motoras básicas em crianças de 6 e 7 anos [Relation between environment factors and basic motor skills in children from 6 to 7 years]. Revista Mackenzie de Educação Física e Esporte, 3(3), 135–140.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Niemistö, D., Barnett, L.M., Cantell, M., Finni, T., Korhonen, E., & Saakskahti, A. (2019a). Socioecological correlates of perceived motor competence in 5 to 7 year old Finnish children. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 29(5), 753–765. PubMed ID: 30663804 doi:10.1111/sms.13389

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Niemistö, D., Finni, T., Haapala, E.A., Cantell, M., Korhonen, E., & Saakskahti, A. (2019b). Environmental correlates of motor competence in children—The skilled kids study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11), E1989. PubMed ID: 31167487 doi:10.3390/ijerph16111989

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nobre, F.S.S., Bandeira, P.F.R., & Valentini, N.C. (2017). Academic achievement associated with motor performance and sex in different subcultures. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 27(2), 213–218. doi:10.7322/jhgd.115027

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nobre, G.C., Valentini, N.C., & Nobre, F.S.S. (2018). Fundamental motor skills, nutritional status, perceived competence, and school performance of Brazilian children in social vulnerability: Gender comparison. Child Abuse & Neglect, 80, 335–345. PubMed ID: 29702472 doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.007

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Nunes, A.M. (2002). O lugar da criança nos textos sobre sociedades indígenas brasileiras [The place of children in texts about Brazilian indigenous societies]. In A. Lopes da Silva, A.V.L.S. Macedo, & A. Nunes (Eds.), Crianças indígenas: ensaios antropológicos [Indigenous children: anthropological essays]. São Paulo, Brazil: Global.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pang, A.W., & Fong, D.T. (2009). Fundamental motor skill proficiency of Hong-Kong children aged 6–9 years. Research in Sports Medicine, 17, 125–144. PubMed ID: 19731174 doi:10.1177/0031512517703005

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pope, M.L., Liu, T., & Getchell, N. (2011). Object-control skills in Hispanic preschool children enrolled in head start. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 112(1), 193–200. PubMed ID: 21466092 doi:10.2466/10.11.17.24.pms.112.1.193-200

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ribeiro-Silva, P.C., Marinho, N.F.S., Brito, W.S., Costa, N.E., & Benda, R.N. (2018). Motor performance in basic skills of children participants and nonparticipants of oriented sport practice. Journal of Physical Education, 29, e2903. doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v29i1.2903

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Robinson, L.E., Stodden, D.F., Barnett, L.M., Lopes, V.P., Logan, S.W., Rodrigues, L.P., & D’Hont, E. (2015). Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health. Sports Medicine, 45(9), 1273–1284. PubMed ID: 26201678 doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Robinson, L.E., Wadsworth, D.D., & Peoples, C.M. (2012). Correlates of school-day physical activity in preschool students. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(1), 20–26. PubMed ID: 22428408 doi:10.1080/02701367.2012.10599821

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sheikh, M., Safania, A.M., & Afshari, A. (2011). Effect of selected motor skills on motor development of both genders aged 5 and 6 years old. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1723–1725. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.358

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Silva, K.S., Lopes, A.S., & Silva, F.M. (2007). Atividade física no deslocamento à escola e no tempo livre em crianças e adolescentes da cidade de João Pessoa, PB, Brasil [Walking to School and Leisure Time among Children and Adolescents from João Pessoa, PB, Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento, 15(3), 61–70.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Spessato, B.C., Gabbard, C., Robinson, L., & Valentini, N.C. (2013). Body mass index, perceived and actual physical competence: The relationship among young children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 39(6), 845–850. doi:10.1111/cch.12014

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Stodden, D.F., Goodway, J.D., Langendorfer, S.J., Roberton, M.A., Rudisall, M.E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L.E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290–306. doi:10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Super, C.M. (1976). Environmental effects on motor development: The case of ‘African infant precocity.’ Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 18(5), 561–567. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1976.tb04202.x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tassinari, A. (2009). A educação escolar indígena no contexto da antropologia brasileira [Indigenous school education in the context of Brazilian anthropology]. Revista de Antropologia, 10, 217–244. doi:10.5007/2175-8034.2008v10n1p217

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Teixeira, R., Mainbourg, E.M.T., & Brasil, M. (2009). Migração do povo indígena Sateré-Mawé em dois contextos urbanos distintos na Amazônia [Migration of the Sateré-Mawé indigenous people in two different urban contexts in the Amazon]. Caderno CRH, 22(57), 531–546. doi:10.1590/S0103-49792009000300008

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ulrich, D.A. (2000). Test of Gross Motor Development—Second Edition: Examiner’s manual. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.

  • Valentini, N.C. (2012). Validity and reliability of the TGMD-2 for Brazilian children. Journal of Motor Behavior, 44(4), 275–280. PubMed ID: 22857518 doi:10.1080/00222895.2012.700967

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Valentini, N.C., Clark, J.E., & Whitall, J. (2015). Developmental co-ordination disorder in socially disadvantaged Brazilian children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 41(6), 970–979. doi:10.1111/cch.12219

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Valentini, N.C., Logan, S.W., Spessato, B.C., Souza, M.S., Pereira, K.G., & Rudisill, M.E. (2016). Fundamental motor skills across childhood: Age, sex, and competence outcomes of Brazilian children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 4(1), 16–36. doi:10.1123/jmld.2015-0021

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Williams, H.G., Pfeiffer, K.A., O’Neill, J.R., Dowda, M., McIver, K.L., Brown, W.H., & Pate, R.R. (2008). Motor skill performance and physical activity in preschool children. Obesity, 16(6), 1421–1426. PubMed ID: 18388895 doi:10.1038/oby.2008.214

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Wong, A.K.Y., & Cheung, S.Y. (2006). Gross motor skills performance of Hong Kong Chinese children. Journal of Physical Education & Recreation, 12(2), 23–29.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Yang, S., Lin, S., & Tsai, C. (2015). Effect of sex, age, and BMI on the development of locomotor skills and object control skills among preschool children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 121(3), 873–888. PubMed ID: 26682607 doi:10.2466/10.PMS.121c29x0

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Zoia, A., & Peripolli, O.J. (2010). Infância indígena e outras infâncias [Indigenous childhood and other childhoods]. Espaço Ameríndio, Porto Alegre, 4(2), 9–24. doi:10.22456/1982-6524.12647

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 32 32 32
Full Text Views 111 111 111
PDF Downloads 46 46 46