Why Residuals Are Important in the Self-Efficacy–Performance Relationship Analysis: A Study Across 12 Cycling Sessions

in Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Stephen Samendinger
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Christopher R. Hill
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Teri J. Hepler
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Deborah L. Feltz
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0386
Keywords:
exercise psychology; health behavior; motivation; physical performance
In Print:
Volume 16: Issue 6
Page Range:
455–460
Restricted access

Background: The positive role of self-efficacy in directing a wide range of health-related interventions has been well documented, including those targeting an increase in physical activity. However, rarely do researchers control the influence of past performance and past self-efficacy perception ratings when exploring the interaction of self-efficacy and performance, allowing for a refined understanding of this relationship and the unique contribution of each factor. Methods: A residualized past performance, residualized self-efficacy hierarchical regression model was used to examine the effect of prior past performance and pre-exercise self-efficacy on performance with a health-related task (12 aerobic exercise cycling sessions). Results: The previous day’s residualized performance was a significant predictor of performance, as was same-day residualized self-efficacy (P < .001). However, residualized self-efficacy became a stronger predictor over time. Conclusions: While maintaining a consistent level of moderate–vigorous physical activity over 12 exercise sessions, participants increased their ratings of task self-efficacy, explaining an increasing portion of the variance in the self-efficacy–performance relationship days 9 to 12.

Samendinger is with Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA. Hill is with California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA. Hepler is with the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI. Feltz is with Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.

Samendinger (sfs62@drexel.edu) is corresponding author.
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