Effect of Goal Difficulty on Motor Performance: A Replication Across Tasks and Subjects
in Journal of Sport and Exercise PsychologyClick name to view affiliation
The purpose of this investigation was to determine if setting unrealistic goals would produce any significant decreases in motivation and performance. To add external validity to the findings, two experiments were conducted; one used an endurance task with children, and the other used a basketball-shooting task with college students. Subjects were matched on baseline assessments and randomly assigned to one of several goal-setting conditions—from goals that were easy to those that were unrealistic and virtually impossible. A do-your-best control condition was employed in each experiment. Results from both experiments revealed no significant between-group differences for either the sit-up task or the 3-minute shooting task. Questionnaire results indicated that subjects accepted their goals and tried hard to reach them. Although subjects placed in unrealistic-goal conditions did perceive their goal as being more difficult, this did not produce any decrements in their motivation. Results are discussed in terms of previous research in sport and industrial settings concerning the goal-attainability notion.
Robert Weinberg, Curt Fowler, Allen Jackson, and Jamie Bagnall are with the Department of Kinesiology at the University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203. Lawrence Bruya is with the Department of Physical Education, Sport and Leisure Studies at Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163.
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