Proposed Sources of Coaching Efficacy: A Meta-Analysis

in Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Click name to view affiliation

Nicholas D. MyersMichigan State University

Search for other papers by Nicholas D. Myers in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
,
Sung Eun ParkUniversity of Miami

Search for other papers by Sung Eun Park in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
,
Soyeon AhnUniversity of Miami

Search for other papers by Soyeon Ahn in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
,
Seungmin LeeMichigan State University

Search for other papers by Seungmin Lee in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
,
Philip J. SullivanBrock University

Search for other papers by Philip J. Sullivan in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
, and
Deborah L. FeltzMichigan State University

Search for other papers by Deborah L. Feltz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
Restricted access

Coaching efficacy refers to the extent to which a coach believes that he or she has the capacity to affect the learning and performance of his or her athletes. The purpose of the current study was to empirically synthesize findings across the extant literature to estimate relationships between the proposed sources of coaching efficacy and each of the dimensions of coaching efficacy. A literature search yielded 20 studies and 278 effect size estimates that met the inclusion criteria. The overall relationship between the proposed sources of coaching efficacy and each dimension of coaching efficacy was positive and ranged from small to medium in size. Coach gender and level coached moderated the overall relationship between the proposed sources of coaching efficacy and each of the dimensions of coaching efficacy. Results from this meta-analysis provided some evidence for both the utility of, and possible revisions to, the conceptual model of coaching efficacy.

Nicholas D. Myers, Seungmin Lee, and Deborah L. Feltz are with the Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. Sung Eun Park and Soyeon Ahn are with the Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Philip J. Sullivan is with the Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.

Address author correspondence to Nicholas D. Myers at myersni1@msu.edu.
  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • Acosta, R.V., & Carpenter, L.J. (2006). Women in intercollegiate sport: A longitudinal study—Twenty-nine year update, 1977–2006. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn College, Department of Physical Education.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Adegbesan, O.A., Ekpo, G.U.A., Mohammed, S., Jaiyeoba, O.M., & Uzoma, C. (2014). Sources of coaching efficacy information as predictors of coaching efficacy of Nigerian coaches. IFE PsychologIA: An International Journal, 22(2), 108113. Retrieved from http://www.ifepsychologia.org

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ahn, S., Lu, M., Lefevor, G.T., Fedewa, A.L., & Celimli, S. (2016). Application of meta-analysis in sport and exercise science. In N. Ntoumanis & N.D. Myers (Eds.), An introduction to intermediate and advanced statistical analyses for sport and exercise scientists (pp. 233253). Chichester, UK: Wiley.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191215. PubMed doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman.

  • Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 126. PubMed doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Boardley, I.D. (2017). Coaching efficacy research: Learning from the past and looking to the future. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2017.1290816

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Borenstein, M., Hedges, L.V., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H.R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

  • Campbell, T., & Sullivan, P. (2005). The effect of a standardized coaching education program on the efficacy of novice coaches. AVANTE, 11(1), 3845. Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chase, M.A., Feltz, D.L., Hayashi, S.W., & Hepler, T.J. (2005). Sources of coaching efficacy: The coaches’ perspective. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3, 2740. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2005.9671756

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Chow, G.M., Murray, K.E., & Feltz, D.L. (2009). Individual, team, and coach predictors of players’ likelihood to aggress in youth soccer. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 425443. PubMed doi:10.1123/jsep.31.4.425

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

  • Cunningham, G.B., Doherty, A.J., & Gregg, M.J. (2007). Using social cognitive career theory to understand head coaching intentions among coaches of women’s teams. Sex Roles, 56, 365372. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9175-z

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cunningham, G.B., Sagas, M., & Ashley, F.B. (2003). Coaching self-efficacy, desire to become a head coach, and occupational turnover intent: Gender differences between NCAA assistant coaches of women’s teams. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 34(2), 125137. Retrieved from http://www.ijsp-online.com/journal

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Denham, C.H., & Michael, J.J. (1981). Teacher sense of efficacy: A definition of the construct and a model for further research. Educational Research Quarterly, 5(1), 3963. Retrieved from http://erquarterly.org

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Everhart, B.C., & Chelladurai, P. (1998). Gender differences in preferences for coaching as an occupation: The role of self-efficacy, valence, and perceived barriers. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 69, 188200. PubMed doi:10.1080/02701367.1998.10607683

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Feltz, D.L., Chase, M.A., Moritz, S.E., & Sullivan, P.J. (1999). A conceptual model of coaching efficacy: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 765776. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.765

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Feltz, D.L., Hepler, T.J., Roman, N., & Paiement, C. (2009). Coaching efficacy and volunteer youth sport coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 23, 2441. doi:10.1123/tsp.23.1.24

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Feltz, D.L., Short, S.E., & Sullivan, P.J. (2008). Self-efficacy in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

  • Fung, L. (2002). Task familiarity and task efficacy: A study of sports coaches. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 95, 367372. PubMed doi:10.2466/pms.2002.95.2.367

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Fung, L. (2003). Coaching efficacy as indicators of coach education program needs. Athletic Insight: The Online Journal of Sport Psychology, 5(1), 17. Retrieved from http://www.athleticinsight.com

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gencer, R.T. (2011). A study on the self-efficacy of elite coaches working at the Turkish Coca-Cola Academy League. Sport Journal, 14(1), 116. Retrieved from http://thesportjournal.org

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hafdahl, A.R. (2009). Improved Fisher z estimators for univariate random-effects meta-analysis of correlations. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 62, 233261. PubMed doi:10.1348/000711008X281633

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hafdahl, A.R. (2010). Random-effects meta-analysis of correlations: Monte Carlo evaluation of mean estimators. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 63, 227254. PubMed doi:10.1348/000711009X431914

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hedges, L.V., & Olkin, I. (1984). Nonparametric estimators of effect size in meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 573580. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.96.3.573

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hwang, S., Feltz, D.L., & Lee, J. (2013). Emotional intelligence in coaching: Mediation effect of coaching efficacy on the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership style. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 292306. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2013.763489

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kavussanu, M., Boardley, I.D., Jutkiewicz, N., Vincent, S., & Ring, C. (2008). Coaching efficacy and coaching effectiveness: Examining their predictors and comparing coaches’ and athletes’ reports. The Sport Psychologist, 22, 383404. doi:10.1123/tsp.22.4.383

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Konstantopoulos, S., & Hedges, L.V. (2009). Fixed effects models in meta-analysis. In H. Cooper, L.V. Hedges, & J. Valentine (Eds.), The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (2nd ed., pp. 279294). New York, NY: Sage.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lee, K.S., Malete, L., & Feltz, D.L. (2002). The strength of coaching efficacy between certified and noncertified Singapore coaches. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 14(1), 5567. Retrieved from http://journal.sapub.org/sports

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lipsey, M.W., & Wilson, D.B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

  • Malete, L., Chow, G.M., & Feltz, D.L. (2013). Influence of coaching efficacy and coaching competency on athlete-level moral variables in Botswana youth soccer: Coaching efficacy and competency. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43, 21072119. doi:10.1111/jasp.12164

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Malete, L., & Feltz, D.L. (2000). The effect of a coaching education program on coaching efficacy. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 410417. doi:10.1123/tsp.14.4.410

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Malete, L., Sullivan, P.J., & La Forge, K. (2013). The relationships between coaching efficacy, experience, and behaviors among scholastic coaches in Botswana. International Journal of Coaching Science, 7(1), 4055. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Marback, T.L., Short, S.E., Short, M.W., & Sullivan, P.J. (2005). Coaching confidence: An exploratory investigation of sources and gender differences. Journal of Sport Behavior, 28(1), 1834. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Molstad, S.M. (1993). Coaching qualities, gender and role modeling. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 2(2), 1119. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/journal/wspaj. doi:10.1123/wspaj.2.2.11

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Myers, N.D., Chase, M.A., Pierce, S.W., & Martin, E. (2011). Coaching efficacy and exploratory structural equation modeling: A substantive-methodological synergy. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 779806. PubMed doi:10.1123/jsep.33.6.779

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Myers, N.D., Feltz, D.L., & Chase, M.A. (2011). Proposed modifications to the conceptual model of coaching efficacy and additional validity evidence for the coaching efficacy scale II-high school teams. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82, 7988. PubMed doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599724

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Myers, N.D., Feltz, D.L., Chase, M.A., Reckase, M.D., & Hancock, G.R. (2008). The coaching efficacy scale II-high school teams. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 68, 10591076. doi:10.1177/0013164408318773

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Myers, N.D., Vargas-Tonsing, T.M., & Feltz, D.L. (2005). Coaching efficacy in intercollegiate coaches: Sources, coaching behavior, and team variables. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 129143. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2003.10.007

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Myers, N.D., Wolfe, E.W., & Feltz, D.L. (2005). An evaluation of the psychometric properties of the coaching efficacy scale for coaches from United States of America. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 9, 135160. doi:10.1207/s15327841mpee0903_1

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (1995). Quality coaches, quality sports: National standards for athletic coaches. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Park, J.K. (1992). Construction of the coaching confidence scale (Doctoral dissertation). Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. Retrieved from http://www.lib.msu.edu/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 638641. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schwalbe, M.L., & Staples, C.L. (1991). Gender differences in sources of self-esteem. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54(2), 158168. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2786933. doi:10.2307/2786933

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Short, S.E., Smiley, M., & Ross-Stewart, L. (2005). The relationship between efficacy beliefs and imagery use in coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 19, 380394. doi:10.1123/tsp.19.4.380

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Slavin, R.E. (1995). Best evidence synthesis: An intelligent alternative to meta-analyses. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 48, 918. PubMed doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00097-A

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Smylie, M.A. (1988). The enhancement function of staff development: Organizational and psychological antecedents to teacher change. American Educational Research Journal, 25, 130. doi:10.3102/00028312025001001

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sullivan, P., Paquette, K.J., Holt, N.L., & Bloom, G.A. (2012). The relation of coaching context and coach education to coaching efficacy and perceived leadership behaviors in youth sport. The Sport Psychologist, 26, 122134. doi:10.1123/tsp.26.1.122

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sullivan, P.J., Gee, C.J., & Feltz, D.L. (2006). Playing experience: The content knowledge source of coaching efficacy beliefs. In A.V. Vitel (Ed.), Trends in educational psychology (pp. 185194). Hauppauge, NY: Nova.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sullivan, P.J., & Kent, A. (2003). Coaching efficacy as a predictor of leadership style in intercollegiate athletics. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 111. doi:10.1080/10413200305404

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sutton, A.J. (2009). Publication bias. In H.M. Cooper, L.V. Hedges, & J.C. Valentine (Eds.), The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Thelwell, R.C., Lane, A.M., Weston, N.J.V., & Greenlees, I.A. (2008). Examining relationships between emotional intelligence and coaching efficacy. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6, 224235. doi:10.1080/1612197X.2008.9671863

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 2946 1005 65
Full Text Views 220 54 14
PDF Downloads 207 64 9