Adolescent Sport Participation and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

in Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Michael J. Panza Pennsylvania State University

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Scott Graupensperger University of Washington, School of Medicine

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Jennifer P. Agans Pennsylvania State University

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Isabelle Doré Université de Montréal

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Stewart A. Vella University of Wollongong

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Michael Blair Evans Pennsylvania State University

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2019-0235
Keywords:
mental health; sport psychology; well-being; youth development; youth sport
First Published Online:
21 May 2020
In Print:
Volume 42: Issue 3
Page Range:
201–218
Restricted access

Sport may protect against symptoms of mental disorders that are increasingly prevalent among adolescents. This systematic review explores the relationship between adolescent organized sport participation and self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. From 9,955 records screened, 29 unique articles were selected that included 61 effect sizes and 122,056 participants. Effects were clustered into four categories based on the operationalization of sport involvement: absence or presence of involvement, frequency of involvement, volume of involvement, and duration of participation. Results from the random-effects meta-analyses indicated that symptoms of anxiety and depression were significantly lower among sport-involved adolescents than in those not involved in sport, although this effect size was small in magnitude. Meta-regression was used to identify how age and sex explained heterogeneity in effects. Although these results do not signify a causal effect, they do support theorizing that sport participation during adolescence may be a protective environment against anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Panza, Agans, and Evans are with the Dept. of Kinesiology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. Graupensperger is with the School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Doré is with the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. Vella is with the University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.

Panza (mjp674@psu.edu) is corresponding author.

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