Effects of Peer Encouragement on Efficacy Perceptions and Physical Performance in Children

in Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Kira L. InnesMcMaster University

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Jeffrey D. GrahamMcMaster University

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Steven R. BrayMcMaster University

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2019-0280
Keywords:
positive feedback; relation-inferred self-efficacy; self-efficacy
First Published Online:
25 Jul 2020
In Print:
Volume 42: Issue 4
Page Range:
314–322
Restricted access

Social interactions are theorized to inform relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE), which, in turn, may influence self-efficacy and behavior. This study investigated the effects of peer encouragement on RISE, task self-efficacy, and physical performance. Children (N = 84) were assigned to dyads and randomized to provide peer encouragement to one another or not (control group). Participants completed two endurance handgrip trials, separated by a cognitively demanding task intended to induce mental fatigue and increase the salience of the peer encouragement manipulation. Participants in the experimental group exchanged words of encouragement prior to the second endurance trial, whereas those in the control group did not. The peer encouragement group reported higher RISE and showed increased performance across trials compared with controls. Providing peer encouragement prior to a challenging physical task was associated with more positive RISE perceptions and improved physical performance.

Innes and Bray are with the Dept. of Kinesiology, and Graham, the Dept. of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Bray (sbray@mcmaster.ca) is corresponding author.
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