Pulling the Trigger: The Effect of a 5-Minute Slow Diaphragmatic Breathing Intervention on Psychophysiological Stress Responses and Pressurized Pistol Shooting Performance

in Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Aodhagán Conlon Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom

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Rachel Arnold
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Ezio Preatoni
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Lee J. Moore Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0213
Keywords:
heart-rate variability; motor skill; psychological pressure; state anxiety
First Published Online:
25 Apr 2022
In Print:
Volume 44: Issue 3
Page Range:
206–219
Restricted access

This study examined the effect of slow diaphragmatic breathing on psychophysiological stress responses and pressurized performance. Sixty-seven participants (40 female; Mage = 20.17 ± 2.77 years) were randomly assigned to either a diaphragmatic-breathing, paced-breathing, or control group. Participants completed a nonpressurized shooting task and then received instructions about a pressurized version. Next, the diaphragmatic group was told to breathe at 6 breaths/min, the paced group at 12 breaths/min, and the control group received no instructions. Following a 5-min intervention period, participants completed the pressurized task while performance was assessed. Psychophysiological stress responses (e.g., cognitive anxiety, heart rate) were recorded throughout. Results revealed that diaphragmatic breathing had mixed effects on stress responses, with some unaffected (e.g., heart rate) and others reduced (e.g., cognitive anxiety), and little effect on performance. Findings suggested that slow diaphragmatic breathing might not aid pressurized performance but could benefit psychological stress responses.

Conlon (ac2010@bath.ac.uk) is corresponding author, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3063-1677

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