The Development of an Instrument to Assess Cohesion in Sport Teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire
in Journal of Sport and Exercise PsychologyClick name to view affiliation
The purpose of this paper was fourfold. The first purpose was to demonstrate the need to develop an instrument to assess group cohesion while the second was to outline a conceptual model of group cohesion upon which such an instrument could be based. This model reflected four related constructs which were the a priori basis for developing a large item pool and initial versions of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). The third purpose was to outline the four projects conducted to obtain construct-related information and to develop an initial version of the GEQ. The final purpose was to outline the two reliability and validity studies conducted with two different sport team samples. The results of these studies revealed that an 18-item version of the GEQ was internally consistent, reliable across studies, and content valid. Factor analyses with oblique rotation revealed preliminary evidence for construct validity. The GEQ is comprised of four scales reflecting the constructs of group integration-task, group integration-social, individual attractions to group-task, and individual attractions to group-social.
Each investigator contributed significantly to the research for this article and considers its authorship as joint. This research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and by a Foundation Western Inc. grant to the authors. Appreciation is extended to Dr. P. Chelladurai for his contributions during the earlier phases of this project and to R. Summers for his assistance in conducting the studies and associated data analyses.
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