Becoming an Occupation? A Research Agenda Into the Professionalization of the Sport for Development and Peace Sector

Click name to view affiliation

Mitchell McSweeney School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

Search for other papers by Mitchell McSweeney in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
,
Rob Millington Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada

Search for other papers by Rob Millington in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Lyndsay M.C. Hayhurst School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada

Search for other papers by Lyndsay M.C. Hayhurst in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Simon Darnell Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Search for other papers by Simon Darnell in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) has transformed from what some termed a “social movement” to an institutionalized sector with numerous organizations and practitioners involved, resulting in trends that point toward SDP becoming a recognized category of work through professional training. The purpose of this paper is to utilize theories of professions and institutional isomorphism to advance the significance and importance of thinking about SDP as a profession. Three emerging trends that point to the professionalization of SDP are reviewed: (a) increasing opportunities to attain SDP certifications and training, (b) the growing number of SDP-specific academic degrees, and (c) the creation of a SDP knowledge base, particularly in relation to monitoring and evaluation. To conclude, theoretical and practical implications of the professionalization of SDP are discussed and a research agenda is outlined for future research on the continued institutionalization, and professionalization, of the SDP sector.

McSweeney (mcsweenm@yorku.ca) is corresponding author, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-5951

  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • Abbott, A. (1988). The system of professions. University of Chicago Press.

  • Abbott, A. (1991). The order of professionalization: An empirical Analysis. Work and Occupations, 18(4), 355384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888491018004001

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Abbott, A. (2005). Sociology of work and occupations. In N.J. Smelser & R. Swedberg (Eds.), Handbook of economic sociology (2nd ed., pp. 307330). Princeton University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Adams, T.L. (2015). Sociology of professions: International divergences and research directions. Work, Employment and Society, 29(1), 154165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017014523467

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Adelphi University. (2020). Sport-based youth development (specialization). https://www.adelphi.edu/program/graduate/sport-based-youth-development/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Anteby, M., Chan, C.K., & DiBenigno, J. (2016). Three lenses on occupations and professions in organizations: Becoming, doing, and relating. Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), 183244. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2016.1120962

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Baseline Evaluation Report. (2016). Play for the advancement of quality education: Program baseline evaluation report. Petten Consulting. https://www.dropbox.com/s/djoq7qejn01y0i5/PAQE%20Baseline%20Evaluation%202016%20Report%20-%20Right%20To%20Play.pdf?dl=0

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Berger, P.L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Doubleday and Company.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Betzler, D., & Gmür, M. (2016). Does fundraising professionalization pay? The impact of organizational fundraising capability on a charity’s net revenue from private donations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 27(1), 2742. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21212

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Binder, A. (2007). For love and money: Organizations’ creative responses to multiple environmental logics. Theory and Society, 36(6), 547571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-007-9045-x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Carey, G., Braunack-Mayer, A., & Barraket, J. (2009). Spaces of care in the third sector: Understanding the effects of professionalization. Health, 13(6), 629646. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459308341866

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Carmel, E., & Harlock, J. (2008). Instituting the “third sector” as a governable terrain: Partnership, procurement and performance in the UK. Policy & Politics, 36(2), 155171. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557308783995017

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Carr-Saunders, A., & Wilson, P.A. (1933). The professions. Oxford University Press.

  • Coalter, F. (2007). A wider social role for sport: Who’s keeping the score? Routledge.

  • Coalter, F. (2010). The politics of sport-for-development: Limited focus programmes and broad gauge problems? International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 45(3), 295314. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690210366791

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Coalter, F. (2013). Sport for development: What game are we playing? Routledge.

  • Cohen, A., & Peachey, J.W. (2015). The making of a social entrepreneur: From participant to cause champion within a sport-for-development context. Sport Management Review, 18(1), 111125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.04.002

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cooper, D.L., & Robson, K. (2006). Accounting, professions and regulation: Locating the sites of professionalization. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 31(4–5), 415444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2006.03.003

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Darnell, S.C. (2010a). Power, politics and “sport for development and peace”: Investigating the utility of sport for international development. Sociology of Sport Journal, 27(1), 5475. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.27.1.54

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Darnell, S.C. (2010b). Sport, race, and bio-politics: Encounters with difference in “sport for development and peace” internships. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 34(4), 396417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723510383141

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Darnell, S.C., Field, R., & Kidd, B. (2019). The history and politics of sport-for-development: Activists, ideologues and reformers. Palgrave MacMillan.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dart, R. (2004). Being “business-like” in a nonprofit organization: A grounded and inductive typology. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 33(2), 290310. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764004263522

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • DiMaggio, P.J., & Powell, W.W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147160.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dixon, M.A., & Svensson, P.G. (2019). A nascent sport for development and peace organization’s response to institutional complexity: The emergence of a hybrid agency in Kenya. Journal of Sport Management, 33(5), 450466. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0065

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dowling, M. (2018). Exploring sport management as an academic profession: A critical review of occupational theory. Journal of Global Sport Management, 3(4), 321338. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2018.1457970

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dowling, M., Edwards, J., & Washington, M. (2014). Understanding the concept of professionalisation in sport management research. Sport Management Review, 17(4), 520529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.02.003

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ebrahim, A. (2005). NGOs and organizational change: Discourse, reporting, and learning. Cambridge University Press.

  • Ebrahim, A. (2010). The many faces of nonprofit accountability. In D.O. Renz (Ed.), The Jossey–Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management (3rd ed., pp. 101121). Jossey-Bass.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Edwards, J.R., Mason, D.S., & Washington, M. (2009). Institutional pressures, government funding and provincial sport organisations. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 6(2), 128149. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2009.028798

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Engelhardt, J. (2019). SDP and monitoring and evaluation. In H. Collison, S.C. Darnell, R. Giulianotti, & P.D. Howe (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport for development and peace (pp. 128140). Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Forsyth, P.B., & Danisiewicz, T.J. (1985). Toward a theory of professionalization. Work and Occupations, 12(1), 5976. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888485012001004

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Freidson, E. (1970). Profession of medicine: A study of the sociology of applied knowledge. Harper & Row.

  • Future Learn. (2020). Sport for sustainable development: Designing effective policies and programmes. https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/sport-for-sustainable-development/1

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Geoghegan, M., & Powell, F. (2006). Community development, partnership governance and dilemmas of professionalization: Profiling and assessing the case of Ireland. British Journal of Social Work, 36(5), 845861. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch344

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Giulianotti, R. (2015). A new era of sport for development and peace. International Centre for Sport Security, 3(3), 6067.

  • Giulianotti, R. (2019). The SDP sector. In H. Collison, S.C. Darnell, R. Giulianotti, & P.D. Howe (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport for development and peace (pp. 2434). Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Giulianotti, R., Coalter, F., Collison, H., & Darnell, S.C. (2019). Rethinking Sportland: A new research agenda for the sport for development and peace sector. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 43(6), 411437. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723519867590

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Giulianotti, R., Hognestad, H., & Spaaij, R. (2016). Sport for development and peace: Power, politics, and patronage. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1(3–4), 129141. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2016.1231926

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Greenwood, E. (1957). Attributes of a profession. Social Work, 2(3), 4555.

  • Harris, K. (2018). Building sport for development practitioners’ capacity for undertaking monitoring and evaluation–reflections on a training programme building capacity in realist evaluation. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 10(4), 795814. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2018.1442870

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Harris, K., & Adams, A. (2016). Power and discourse in the politics of evidence in sport for development. Sport Management Review, 19(2), 97106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2015.05.001

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hatch, M.J., & Schultz, M. (Eds.). (2004). Organizational identity: A reader. Oxford University Press.

  • Hickson, D.J., & Thomas, M.W. (1969). Professionalization in Britain: A preliminary measure. Sociology, 3(1), 3753.

  • Huffman, A.M., Hillyer, S., Malnati, A., & Spellings, C. (2019). SDP and education. In H. Collison, S.C. Darnell, R. Giulianotti, & P.D. Howe (Eds.), Routledge handbook of sport for development and peace (pp. 330340). Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hugman, R. (1996). Professionalization in social work: The challenge of diversity. International Social Work, 39(2), 131147. https://doi.org/10.1177/002087289603900203

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hvenmark, J. (2013). Business as usual? On managerialization and the adoption of the balanced scorecard in a democratically governed civil society organization. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 35(2), 223247. https://doi.org/10.2753/ATP1084-1806350203

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hwang, H., & Powell, W.W. (2009). The rationalization of charity: The influences of professionalism in the nonprofit sector. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(2), 268298. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2009.54.2.268

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • International Platform on Sport and Development [IPSD]. (2020). Launch of first online global course on sport and the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.sportanddev.org/en/article/news/launch-first-online-global-course-sport-and-sustainable-development-goals

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jeanes, R., & Lindsey, I. (2014). Where’s the “evidence?” Reflecting on monitoring and evaluation within sport for development. In K. Young & C. Okada (Eds.), Sport, social development and peace (pp. 197217). Emerald.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jensen, P.R. (2018). “People can’t believe we exist!”: Social sustainability and alternative nonprofit organizing. Critical Sociology, 44(2), 375388. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920517691106

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Johnson, T.J. (1972). Professions and power. Macmillan.

  • Kay, T. (2012). Accounting for legacy: Monitoring and evaluation in sport in development relationships. Sport in Society, 15(6), 888904. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2012.708289

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Keevers, L., Treleaven, L., Sykes, C., & Darcy, M. (2012). Made to measure: Taming practices with results-based accountability. Organization Studies, 33(1), 97120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840611430597

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kidd, B. (2008). A new social movement: Sport for development and peace. Sport in Society, 11(4), 370380. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430430802019268

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kidd, B. (2011). Cautions, questions and opportunities in sport for development and peace. Third World Quarterly, 32(3), 603609.

  • King, D. (2017). Becoming business-like: Governing the nonprofit professional. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 46(2), 241260. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764016663321

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Larson, M.S. (1977). The rise of professionalism. University of California Press.

  • Lawrence, T.B., Suddaby, R., & Leca, B. (Eds.). (2009). Institutional work: Actors and agency in institutional studies of organizations. Cambridge University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lawrence, T., Suddaby, R., & Leca, B. (2011). Institutional work: Refocusing institutional studies of organization. Journal of Management Inquiry, 20(1), 5258. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492610387222

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lounsbury, M. (2002). Institutional transformation and status mobility: The professionalization of the field of finance. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 255266.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Maier, F., Meyer, M., & Steinbereithner, M. (2016). Nonprofit organizations becoming business-like: A systematic review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 45(1), 6486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764014561796

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Marshall, J.H., & Suárez, D. (2014). The flow of management practices: An analysis of NGO monitoring and evaluation dynamics. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(6), 10331051. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764013494117

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McSweeney, M. (2019). Reflexive accounts of a postcolonial ethnographer: Understanding insider-outsider status. Sociology of Sport Journal, 36(2), 124134. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2018-0120

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McSweeney, M.J. (2020). Returning the ‘social’ to social entrepreneurship: Future possibilities of critically exploring sport for development and peace and social entrepreneurship. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 55(1), 321.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McSweeney, M., Kikulis, L., Thibault, L., Hayhurst, L., & van Ingen, C. (2019). Maintaining and disrupting global-North hegemony/global-South dependence in a local African sport for development organisation: The role of institutional work. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 11(3), 52137. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2018.1550797

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McSweeney, M., Hayhurst, L., Wilson, B., Bandoles, E., & Leung, K. (2021). Colliding mandates of social enterprises: Exploring the financial strategies, environment, and social-market tensions of bicycles-for-development organizations. Sport Management Review. 124.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McSweeney, M., & van Luijk, N. (2019). Leaving the comfort zone: Utilizing institutional ethnography in sport for development and peace research. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 559572. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1578254

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Meyer, J.W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340363. https://doi.org/10.1086/226550

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Millington, R., Giles, A.R., Hayhurst, L.M., van Luijk, N., & McSweeney, M. (2019). “Calling out” corporate redwashing: The extractives industry, corporate social responsibility and sport for development in indigenous communities in Canada. Sport in Society, 22(12), 21222140. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2019.1567494

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Muzio, D., Brock, D.M., & Suddaby, R. (2013). Professions and institutional change: Towards an institutionalist sociology of the professions. Journal of Management Studies, 50(5), 699721. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12030

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Newman, J.I. (2014). Sport without management. Journal of Sport Management, 28(6), 603615. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2012-0159

  • Pickard, S. (2010). The role of governmentality in the establishment, maintenance and demise of professional jurisdictions: The case of geriatric medicine. Sociology of Health and Illness, 32(7), 10721086. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2010.01256.x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Raw, K., Sherry, E., & Rowe, K. (2019). Sport-for-development organizational hybridity: From differentiated to dysfunctional. Journal of Sport Management, 33(5), 467480. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0273

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Raw, K., Sherry, E., & Schulenkorf, N. (2020). Managing sport for development: An investigation of tensions and paradox. Sport Management Review, 33(5), 467480.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Reay, T., Goodrick, E., & Hinings, C.R. (2016). Institutionalization and professionalization. In E. Ferlie, K. Montgomery, & A. Reff Pedersen (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of health care management (pp. 2544). Oxford University Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Risi, D., & Wickert, C. (2017). Reconsidering the “symmetry” between institutionalization and professionalization: The case of corporate social responsibility managers. Journal of Management Studies, 54(5), 613646. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12244

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Saks, M. (2016). A review of theories of professions, organizations and society: The case for neo-Weberianism, neo-institutionalism and eclecticism. Journal of Professions and Organization, 3(2), 170187. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpo/jow005

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schulenkorf, N., Sherry, E., & Phillips, P. (2016). What is sport development? In E. Sherry, N. Schulenkorf, & P. Phillips (Eds.), Managing sport development: An international approach (pp. 311). Routledge.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schulenkorf, N., Sherry, E., & Rowe, K. (2016). Sport for development: An integrated literature review. Journal of Sport Management, 30(1), 2239. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2014-0263

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Scott, W.R. (1987). The adolescence of institutional theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32(4), 493511. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392880

  • Scott, W.R. (2001). Institutions and organizations (2nd ed.). Sage.

  • Scott, W.R. (2005). Institutions and organizations: Ideas and interests (3rd ed.). Sage.

  • Shin, N., Cohen, A., & Welty Peachey, J. (2020). Advancing the sport for development field: Perspectives of practitioners on effective organizational management. Journal of Sport for Development, 8(14), 3652.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sparkes, A.C. (2013). Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health in the era of neoliberalism, audit and new public management: Understanding the conditions for the (im)possibilities of a new paradigm dialogue. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 5(3), 440459. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2013.796493

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Spaaij, R., Oxford, S., & Jeanes, R. (2016). Transforming communities through sport? Critical pedagogy and sport for development. Sport, Education and Society, 21(4), 570587.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Suddaby, R., & Viale, T. (2011). Professionals and field-level change: Institutional work and the professional project. Current Sociology, 59(4), 423442. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392111402586

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sundin, O., & Hedman, J. (2005). Theory of professions and occupational identities. In K. Fisher, S. Erdelez, & L. Mckechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior: A researcher’s guide (pp. 293297). Information Today.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Svensson, P.G. (2017). Organizational hybridity: A conceptualization of how sport for development and peace organizations respond to divergent institutional demands. Sport Management Review, 20(5), 443454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.03.004

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Svensson, P.G., & Hambrick, M.E. (2016). “Pick and choose our battles”—Understanding organizational capacity in a sport for development and peace organization. Sport Management Review, 19(2), 120132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2015.02.003

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Svensson, P.G., & Seifried, C.S. (2017). Navigating plurality in hybrid organizing: The case of sport for development and peace entrepreneurs. Journal of Sport Management, 31(2), 176190. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2016-0129

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Svensson, P.G., Mahoney, T.Q., & Hambrick, M.E. (2020). What does innovation mean to nonprofit practitioners? International insights from development and peace-building nonprofits. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(2), 380398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764019872009

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • United States Agency for International Development [USAID]. (n.d.). Learning lab. https://usaidlearninglab.org/working-group/sport-development-monitoring-and-evaluation-group

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vollmer, H.M., & Mills, D.L. (1966). Professionalisation. Prentice-Hall.

  • Webb, A., & Richelieu, A. (2016). Sport for development and peace in action: Building facts for funding. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 40(5), 432456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723516632574

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Welty Peachey, J., Cohen, A., & Shin, N. (2020). Constraints and strategies to scaling up in sport for development and peace organizations: Evidence from the field. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 49(3), 611630. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764019877253

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Welty Peachey, J., Cohen, A., Shin, N., & Fusaro, B. (2018). Challenges and strategies of building and sustaining inter-organizational partnerships in sport for development and peace. Sport Management Review, 21(2), 160175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.06.002

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Welty Peachey, J., Schulenkorf, N., & Hill, P. (2020). Sport-for-development: A comprehensive analysis of theoretical and conceptual advancements. Sport Management Review, 23(5), 783796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2019.11.002

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Whitley, M.A., Massey, W.V., Camiré, M., Blom, L.C., Chawansky, M., Forde, S., Boutet, M., Borbee, A., & Darnell, S.C. (2019). A systematic review of sport for development interventions across six global cities. Sport Management Review, 22(2), 181193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2018.06.013

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 2458 1272 110
Full Text Views 288 186 12
PDF Downloads 204 74 3