Developing a Pedagogy of Restorative Physical Education

in Journal of Teaching in Physical Education

Click name to view affiliation

Michael A. HemphillUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro

Search for other papers by Michael A. Hemphill in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
,
Yongsun LeeUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro

Search for other papers by Yongsun Lee in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
,
Sarah RagabUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro

Search for other papers by Sarah Ragab in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
,
Jeremy RinkerUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro

Search for other papers by Jeremy Rinker in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
, and
Omari L. DysonUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro

Search for other papers by Omari L. Dyson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
*
Restricted access

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the process of developing an alternative physical education program using restorative justice practices as a transformative approach to social–emotional learning. Method: This study utilizes qualitative case study methods to examine the implementation process and short-term outcomes. Data sources include focus group interviews, student journals, observations, and reflective field notes. Trustworthiness of the findings are supported by triangulation, peer debriefings, prolonged engagement, and external program reviews. Results: The implementation of social and emotional learning was substantiated by student engagement with four class goals in which they aimed to participate in physical education as “champions,” “heroes,” “achievers,” and “peacemakers.” Restorative pedagogy included restorative chats, listening circles, community circles, and healing circles. Conclusion: This study suggests that transformative curriculum, such as restorative justice, offers a transformative approach to social and emotional learning that is applicable to physical education.

Hemphill, Lee, and Ragab are with the Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. Rinker and Dyson are with the Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.

Hemphill (hemphill@uncg.edu) is corresponding author.
  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • Annamma, S.A., & Winn, M. (2019). Transforming our mission: Animating teacher education through intersectional justice. Theory Into Practice, 58(4), 318327. doi:10.1080/00405841.2019.1626618

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Armour, K., Sandford, R., & Duncombe, R. (2013). Positive youth development and physical activity/sport interventions: Mechanisms leading to sustained impact. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 18(3), 256281. doi:10.1080/17408989.2012.666791

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Boyer, E.L. (2016). The scholarship of engagement. Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, 20(1), 1527.

  • Burke, S. (2016). Rethinking ‘validity’ and ‘trustworthiness’ in qualitative inquiry: How might we judge the quality of qualitative research in sport and exercise sciences? In B. Smith & A.C. Sparkes (Eds.), Routledge handbook of qualitative research in sport and exercise (pp. 330340). New York, NY: Routledge

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cooper, L., & Orrell, J. (2016). University and community engagement: Towards a partnership based on deliberate reciprocity. In F. Trede & C. McEwen (Eds.), Educating the deliberate professional: Preparing for future practices (pp. 107123). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Corcoran, R.P., Cheung, A.C.K., Kim, E., & Xie, C. (2018). Effective universal school-based social and emotional learning programs for improving academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 years of research. Educational Research Review, 25, 5672. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2017.12.001

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Costello, B., Wachtel, J., & Wachtel, T. (2018). The restorative practice handbook for teachers, disciplinarians, and administrators. Bethlehem, PA: International Institute for Restorative Practices.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2005). New standards and old inequalities: School reform and the education of African American students. In Black education: A transformative research and action agenda for a new century (pp. 197224). Mahwah, NJ: Lawerence Earlbaun Associates.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dunn, R.J., & Doolittle, S.A. (2020). Professional development for teaching personal and social responsibility: Past, present, and future. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(3), 347356. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2019-0226

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Durlak, J.A., Weissberg, R.P., & Pachan, M. (2010). A meta-analysis of after-school programs that seek to promote personal and social skills in children and adolescents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 45(3–4), 294309. PubMed ID: 20300825 doi:10.1007/s10464-010-9300-6

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dyson, B., Howley, D., & Wright, P.M. (2020). A scoping review critically examining research connecting social and emotional learning with three model-based practices in physical education: Have we been doing this all along? European Physical Education Review, 27(1), 7695. doi:10.1177/1356336X20923710

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • El Mallah, S. (2020). Toward equity-oriented assessment of social and emotional learning: Examining equivalence of concepts and measures. Urban Education. doi:10.1177/0042085920933335

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gordon, B., & Beaudoin, S. (2020). Expanding the boundaries of TPSR and empowering others to make their own contributions. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(3), 337346. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2019-0228

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gordon, B., Jacobs, J.M., & Wright, P.M. (2016). Social and emotional learning through a teaching personal and social responsibility based after-school program for disengaged middle school boys. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 35(4), 358369. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2016-0106

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gray, S., Wright, P.M., Sievwright, R., & Robertson, S. (2019). Learning to use teaching for personal and social responsibility through action research. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 38(4), 347356. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2018-0190

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gregory, A., Clawson, K., Davis, A., & Gerewitz, J. (2016). The promise of restorative practices to transform teacher-student relationships and achieve equity in school discipline. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 26(4), 325353. doi:10.1080/10474412.2014.929950

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gregory, A., & Fergus, E. (2017). Social and emotional learning and equity in school discipline. The Future of Children, 27(1), 117136. doi:10.1353/foc.2017.0006

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hellison, D. (1978). Beyond balls and bats: Alienated (and other) youth in the gym. Reston, VA: AAHPER.

  • Hellison, D. (2011). Teaching personal and social responsibility through physical activity (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

  • Hellison, D, & Walsh, D. (2002). Responsibility-based youth programs evaluation: Investigating the investigations. Quest, 54(4), 292307. doi:10.1080/00336297.2002.10491780

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hemphill, M.A., Janke, E.M., Gordon, B., & Farrar, H. (2018). Restorative youth sports: An applied model for resolving conflicts and building positive relationships. Journal of Youth Development, 13(3), 7696. doi:10.5195/JYD.2018.603

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hemphill, M.A., Janke, E.M., Flores, S., & Gordon, B. (in press). Conflict and harm in the context of restorative school physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hemphill, M.A., Marttinen, R., & Richards, K.A.R. (in press). One physical educator’s struggle to implement restorative practices in an urban intensive environment. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hemphill, M.A. & Richards, K.A.R. (2016). “Without the academic part, it wouldn’t be squash”: Youth development in an urban squash program. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 35(3), 263276. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2015-0109

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jagers, R.J., Rivas-Drake, D., & Borowski, T. (2018). Equity & social and emotional learning: A cultural analysis. Chicago, IL: Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL).

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jagers, R.J., Rivas-Drake, D., & Williams, B. (2019). Transformative social and emotional learning (SEL): Toward SEL in service of educational equity and excellence. Educational Psychologist, 54(3), 162184. doi:10.1080/00461520.2019.1623032

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Jones, S.M., & Kahn, J. (2017). The evidence base for how we learn: Supporting students’ social, emotional, and academic development. The Aspen Institute.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Legette, K.B., Rogers, L.O., & Warren, C.A. (2020). Humanizing student-teacher relationships for Black children: Implications for teachers’ social–emotional training. Urban Education. doi:10.1177/0042085920933319

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lynch, S., & Curtner-Smith, M. (2019). ‘You have to find your slant, your groove:’ One physical education teacher’s efforts to employ transformative pedagogy. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(4), 359372. doi:10.1080/17408989.2019.1592146

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Lynch, S., Schleider, J., & McBean, L. (2020). Restorative practice in health and physical education: Shifting the norm from punitive to reparative. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 91(9), 4147. doi:10.1080/07303084.2020.1811624

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Martinek, T., & Hellison, D. (1997). Service-bonded inquiry: The road less traveled. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17(1), 107121. doi:10.1123/jtpe.17.1.107

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Martinek, T., & Hemphill, M.A. (2020). The evolution of Hellison’s teaching personal and social responsibility model in out-of-school contexts. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(3), 331336. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2019-0222

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McCloy, C.H. (1930). Character building through physical education. Research Quarterly, 1(3), 4161. doi:10.1080/23267402.1930.10625788

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Milner, H.R. (2012). But what is urban education? Urban Education, 47(3), 556561. doi:10.1177/0042085912447516

  • Milner, H.R. (2013). Why are students of color (still) punished more severely and frequently than white students? Urban Education, 48(4), 483489. doi:10.1177/0042085913493040

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Milner, H.R. (2020). Disrupting punitive practices and policies: Rac(e)ing back to teaching, teacher preparation, and Brown. Educational Researcher, 49(3), 147160. doi:10.3102/0013189X20907396

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Milner, H.R., Cunningham, H.B., Delale-O’Connor, L., & Kestenberg, E.G. (2019). “These kids are out of control”: Why we must reimagine “classroom management” for equity. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Morris, M.W. (2018). Pushout: The criminalization of Black girls in schools. New York, NY: The New Press.

  • O’Connor, J.A., & Graber, K.C. (2014). Sixth-grade physical education: An acculturation of bullying and fear. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 85(3), 398408. PubMed ID: 25141091 doi:10.1080/02701367.2014.930403

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Opstoel, K., Chapelle, L., Prins, F.J., De Meester, A., Haerens, L., van Tartwijk, J., & De Martelaer, K. (2020). Personal and social development in physical education and sports: A review study. European Physical Education Review, 26(4), 797813. doi:10.1177/1356336X19882054

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pointer, L., McGoey, K., & Farrar, H. (2020). The little book of restorative teaching tools. New York, NY: Living Justice Press.

  • Pranis, K. (2005). The little book of circle processes. New York, NY: Good Books.

  • Richards, K.A.R. & Hemphill, M.A. (2018). A practical guide to collaborative qualitative data analysis. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 37(2), 225231. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2017-0084

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Richards, K.A.R., & Shiver, V.N. (2020). “What’s worth doing?”: A qualitative historical analysis of the TPSR model. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(3), 300310. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2019-0215

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Rogers, L.O., Griffin, C., & Warren, C.A. (2020). Race and social emotional learning for Black students in urban schooling contexts. Urban Education. doi:10.1177/0042085920933337

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • SHAPE America. (2013). Grade-level outcomes for K-12 physical education. Reston, VA: Author.

  • Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Taylor, R.D., Oberle, E., Durlak, J.A., & Weissberg, R.P. (2017). Promoting positive youth development through school-based social and emotional learning interventions: A meta-analysis of follow-up effects. Child Development, 88(4), 11561171. PubMed ID: 28685826 doi:10.1111/cdev.12864

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wadhwa, A. (2016). Restorative justice in urban schools: Disrupting the school-to-prison pipeline. New York, NY: Routledge.

  • Walker, V.S. (2013). Black educators as educational advocates in the decades before Brown v. Board of Education. Educational Researcher, 42(4), 207222. doi:10.3102/0013189X13490140

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Walker, V.S. (2018). Building blocks. In S.J. Croft, T.D. Pogue, & V.S. Walker (Eds.), Living the legacy of African American education: A model for university and school engagement (pp. 1518). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wandzilak, T. (1985). Values development through physical education and athletics. Quest, 37(2), 176185. doi:10.1080/00336297.1985.10483832

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Warren, C.A., Presberry, C., & Louis, L. (2020). Examining teacher dispositions for evidence of (transformative) social and emotional competencies with Black boys: The case of three urban high school teachers. Urban Education. doi:10.1177/0042085920933326

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Weiss, M., & Wiese-Bjornstal, D.M. (2009). Promoting positive youth development through physical activity. President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 10(3), 18.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Welsh, R.O., & Swain, W.A. (2020). (Re)Defining urban education: A conceptual review and empirical exploration of the definition of urban education. Educational Researcher, 49(2), 90100. doi:10.3102/0013189X20902822

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Winn, M.T. (2018). Justice on both sides: Transforming education through restorative justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.

  • Wright, P.M., & Burton, S. (2008). Implementation and outcomes of a responsibility-based physical activity program integrated into an intact high school physical education class. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 27(2), 138154. doi:10.1123/jtpe.27.2.138

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wright, P.M., Fuerniss, K., & Cutforth, N. (2020). Don Hellison’s scholarship reconsidered. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(3), 311320. doi:10.1123/jtpe.2019-0227

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wright, P.M., Gordon, B., & Gray, S. (2020, November 19). Social and emotional learning in the physical education curriculum. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1061

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Yin, R.K. (2003). Case study research design and methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 3070 2860 91
Full Text Views 117 101 9
PDF Downloads 166 147 10