The History of Physical Activity in the Past, Present, and Future of Kinesiology’s Big Questions, Hot Topics, and Prospects for Integration

in Kinesiology Review

Click name to view affiliation

Mark Dyreson
Search for other papers by Mark Dyreson in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
and
Jaime Schultz
Search for other papers by Jaime Schultz in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

Since the 1981 publication of Perspectives on the Academic Discipline of Physical Education, the history of physical activity has secured a prominent place in the field of kinesiology. Yet, despite encouraging signs of growth, the subdiscipline still remains an undervalued player in the “team scholarship” approach. Without the integration of historical sensibilities in kinesiology’s biggest questions, our understanding of human movement remains incomplete. Historians of physical activity share many “big questions” and “hot topics” with researchers in other domains of kinesiology. Intriguing possibilities for integrating research endeavors between historians and scholars from other domains beckon, particularly as scientists share the historical fascination with exploring the processes of change over time.

Dyreson (mxd52@psu.edu) and Schultz (jaimeschultz@psu.edu) are with the Dept. of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.

  • Collapse
  • Expand
  • American Kinesiology Association. (2021). Undergraduate core elements. https://www.americankinesiology.org/SubPages/Pages/Undergraduate%20Core%20Elements

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Anderson, D.R. (2002). The humanity of movement or “it’s not just a gym class.” Quest, 54(2), 8796. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2002.10491768

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bachynski, K. (2019). No game for boys to play: The history of youth football and the origins of a public health crisis. University of North Carolina Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Bale, J. (2004a). Running cultures: Racing in time and space. Routledge.

  • Bale, J. (2004b). Roger Bannister and the four-minute mile: Sports myth and sports history. Routledge.

  • Bascomb, N. (2004). The perfect mile. Houghton Mifflin.

  • Beard, K. (2013, November 20). Study: Children’s cardiovascular endurance deteriorating—A study finds children to be less fit than their parents. U.S. News & World Report. https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/11/20/study-childrens-cardiovascular-endurance-deteriorating

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Berg, A., & Dyreson, M. (2012). The Flying Finn’s American sojourn: Hannes Kolehmainen in the United States, 1912–1921. International Journal of the History of Sport, 29(7), 10351059. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2012.679025

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Berryman, J.W., & Park, R.J. (Eds.). (1992). Sport and exercise science: Essays in the history of sports medicine. University of Illinois Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Block, J.E. (2011). The crucible of consent: American child rearing and the forging of liberal society. Harvard University Press.

  • Booth, D. (2005). The field: Truth and fiction in sport history. Routledge.

  • Braun, L. (2014). Breathing race into the machine: The surprising career of the spirometer from plantation to genetics. University of Minnesota Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Brooks, G.A. (Ed.). (1981). Perspectives on the academic discipline of physical education: A tribute to G. Lawrence Rarick (pp. xvxviii). Human Kinetics.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Buck, M.M., Jable, J.T., & Floyd, P.A. (2004). Introduction to physical education and sport: Foundations and trends. Thomson/Wadsworth.

  • Carter, N. (2014). Medicine, sport and the body: A historical perspective. Bloomsbury.

  • Challis, J.H. (2021). The National Academy of Kinesiology 2020 review and evaluation of doctoral programs in kinesiology. Kinesiology Review, 10(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.1123/kr.2020-0049

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Cook, B. (2013, November 20). Johnny can’t run: Study finds kids take 90 seconds longer now vs. 1980s. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobcook/2013/11/20/why-johnny-cant-run/?sh=445f01283731

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Delheye, P. (Ed.). (2014). Making sport history: Disciplines, identities and the historiography of sport. Routledge.

  • Dimeo, P. (2008). A history of drug use in sport, 1876-1976: Beyond good and evil. Routledge.

  • Druckman, J.N., Trawalter, S., Montes, I., Fredendall, A., Kanter, N., & Rubenstein, A.P. (2018). Racial bias in sport medical staff’s perceptions of others’ pain. The Journal of Social Psychology, 158(6), 721729. PubMed ID: 29173126 https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2017.1409188

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dyreson, M. (2001). American ideas about race and Olympic races from the 1890s to the 1950s: Shattering myths or reinforcing scientific racism? Journal of Sport History, 28(2), 173215.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dyreson, M. (2007). Sport history and the history of sport in North America. Journal of Sport History, 34(3), 405414.

  • Dyreson, M. (2010a). Sport history around the world: The United States of America. In S.W. Pope & J. Nauright (Eds.), The Routledge companion to sport history (pp. 599623). Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dyreson, M. (2010b). Constructing the marathon nation: U.S. perspectives on Korean national identity from the 1930s to the 1950s. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 27(8), 13791403. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523361003714313

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dyreson, M. (2013). The republic of consumption at the Olympic Games: Globalization, Americanization, and Californization. Journal of Global History, 8(2), 256278. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022813000211

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Dyreson, M. (2018). Olympic spectacles in the next ‘American century’: Sport and nationalism in a post-cold war world. In T. Rider & K. Witherspoon (Eds.), Defending the American way of life: Sport in the Cold War (pp. 219229). University of Arkansas Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • English, C. (2019). “Beyond women’s powers of endurance”: The 1928 800-meter and women’s Olympic track and field in the context of the United States. Sport History Review, 50(2), 187204. https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2018-0040

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Everett Jones, S., & Sliwa, S. (2016). School factors associated with the percentage of students who walk or bike to school. Preventing Chronic Disease, 13(E63), 19. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.150573

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Faulkner, W. (1950). Requiem for a nun. Vintage.

  • Fincoeur, B., Gleaves, J., & Ohl, F. (Eds.). (2018). Doping in cycling: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Routledge.

  • Gill, D.L. (2007). Integration: The key to sustaining kinesiology in higher education. Quest, 59(3), 269286. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2007.10483552

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gill, T. (2012). No fear: growing up in a risk averse society. Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.

  • Gleaves, J., & Hunt, T. (Eds.). (2016). A global history of doping in sport: Drugs, policy, and politics. Routledge.

  • Gleaves, J., Llewellyn, M., & Wrynn, A. (2015). Sex, drugs, and kinesiology: A useful partnership for sport’s most pressing issues. Quest, 67(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2014.984734

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Gould, S.J. (2003). The hedgehog, the fox, and the magister’s pox: Mending the gap between science and the humanities. Harvard University Press.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Guardian. (2013, November 20). Children unable to run as fast as parents’ generation, study shows. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/nov/20/children-unable-run-fast-parents-heart-fitness

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Haberman, A.L. (2017). Thousands of solitary runners come together: Individualism and communitarianism in the 1970s running boom. Journal of Sport History, 44(1), 3549. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.44.1.0035

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hamblin, J. (2013, November). Kids today take 90 seconds longer to run a mile than kids in the 1980s. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/11/kids-today-take-90-econds-longer-to-run-a-mile-than-kids-in-the-1980s/281686/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Harrison, E.A. (2014). The first concussion crisis: Head injury and evidence in early American football. American Journal of Public Health, 104(5), 822833. PubMed ID: 24625171 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301840

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Havens, T.R.H. (2016). Marathon Japan: Distance racing and civic culture. University of Hawai’i Press.

  • Heggie, V. (2010). Testing sex and gender in sports: Reinventing, reimagining and reconstructing histories. Endeavour, 34(4), 157163. PubMed ID: 20980057 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2010.09.005

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Heggie, V. (2018). A history of British sports medicine. Manchester University Press.

  • Hill, J. (2002). Sport, leisure and culture in twentieth-century Britain. Palgrave.

  • Hoberman, J.M. (1992). Mortal engines: The science of performance and the dehumanization of sport. Free Press.

  • Hochstetler, D. (2008). Handing each other along: Developing leadership in kinesiology. Quest, 60(3), 331344. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483584

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Hoyer, D.H., & Turchin, P. (2020). Figuring out the past: The 3,495 vital statistics that explain world history. Public Affairs.

  • Hunt, T.M. (2011). Drug games: The International Olympic Committee and the politics of doping, 1960–2008. University of Texas Press.

  • Johnes, M. (2008). British sports history: The present and the future. Journal of Sport History 35(1), 6571.

  • Jordan-Young, R.M., & Karkazis, K. (2019). Testosterone: An unauthorized biography. Harvard University Press.

  • Kretchmar, R.S. (2007). What to do with meaning? A research conundrum for the 21st century. Quest, 59(4), 373383. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2007.10483559

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Kretchmar, R.S. (2017). Sport, fiction, and the stories they tell. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 44(1), 5571. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2016.1277949

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Linden, A. (2016). Tempering the dichotomous flame: Social history, cultural history, and postmodernism(s) in the Journal of Sport History, 1974–2014. Journal of Sport History, 43(1), 6682. https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/619822

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Magdalinksi, T. (2009). Sports history in Australia: Past achievements, future challenges. Journal of Sport History, 36(1), 123128. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26405258

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Marchione, M. (2013, November 19). Global study: Kids less fit than parents were. AP News. apnews.com. https://apnews.com/article/5aa51dcad69248afab1b00e6aeec1302

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McDonald, N.C., Brown, A.L., Marchetti, L.M., & Pedroso, M.S. (2011). U.S. school travel 2009, an assessment of trends. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 41(2), 146151. PubMed ID: 21767721 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.04.006

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • McKenzie, S. (2013). Getting physical: The rise of fitness culture in America. University Press of Kansas.

  • Miller, P.B. (1998). The anatomy of scientific racism: Racialist responses to black athletic achievement. Journal of Sport History, 25(1), 119151. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43606920

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • National Academy of Kinesiology. (2021).  Fellows list and “What is kinesiology.”https://nationalacademyofkinesiology.org/

  • Olds, T.S., Ridley, K., & Tomkinson, G.R. (2007). Declines in aerobic fitness: Are they only due to increasing fatness? In G.R. Tomkinson (Ed.), Pediatric fitness: Secular trends and geographic variability. Medicine and sport science series (Vol. 50, pp. 226240). Karger.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Park, R. (1981). The emergence of the academic discipline of physical education in the United States. In G.A. Brooks (Ed.), Perspectives on the academic discipline of physical education: A tribute to G. Lawrence Rarick (pp. 2045). Human Kinetics.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Park, R.J. (1983). Research and scholarship in the history of physical education and sport: The current state of affairs. Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport Science, 54(2), 93103. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1983.10605280

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Park, R.J., & Vertinsky, P. (Eds.). (2013). Women, sport, society: Further reflections, reaffirming Mary Wollstonecraft. Routledge.

  • Pate, R., & Buchner, D. (2014). Implementing physical activity strategies: Put the national physical activity plan into action with 42 proven programs. Human Kinetics.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Phillips, M.G. (2020). Sizing up sport history journals: Metrics, sport, humanities, and history. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 37(8), 692704. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2020.1796652

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Pieper, L.P. (2016). Sex testing: Gender policing in women’s sports. University of Illinois Press.

  • Popper, K. (1962). Conjectures and refutations; the growth of scientific knowledge. Basic Books.

  • Pringle, R., & Phillips, M.G. (Eds.). (2013). Examining sport histories: Power, paradigms, and reflexivity. FIT.

  • Riess, S.A. (1990). The new sport history. Reviews in American History, 18(3), 311325. https://doi.org/10.2307/2702661

  • Rikli, R.E. (2006). Kinesiology—A “homeless” field: Addressing organization and leadership needs. Quest, 58(3), 287309. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2006.10491884

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Roberts, M. (2013, November 20). Many children ‘slower runners than their parents were.’ BBC news online. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-24998497

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Robinson, R. (2017). When running made history. Syracuse University Press.

  • Robinson, R. (2018, September 7). Diane Leather Charles, first woman to break 5-minute mile, dies at 85. Runner’s World. https://www.runnersworld.com/news/a23025054/diane-leather-charles-dies-at-85/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Ruck, R. (2018). Tropic of football: The long and perilous journey of Samoans to the NFL. The New Press.

  • Sage, G.H., Dyreson, M., & Kretchmar, R.S. (2005). Sociology, history, and philosophy in the research quarterly. Research Quarterly of Exercise and Sport Science, 76, S88S107. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2005.10599292

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schultz, J. (2010). Leaning into the turn: Sport history and the cultural paradigm. Sporting Traditions, 27(2), 4559.

  • Schultz, J. (2011). Caster Semenya and the “question of too”: Sex testing in elite women’s sport and the issue of advantage. Quest, 63(2), 228243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2011.10483678

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schultz, J. (2014). Qualifying times: Points of change in U.S. women’s sport. University of Illinois Press.

  • Schultz, J. (2015). Going the distance: The road to the 1984 Olympic women’s marathon. International Journal of the History of Sport, 32(1), 7288. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2014.958668

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schultz, J. (2017a). New directions and future considerations in sport history. In L. Borish, D.K. Wiggins, & G.R. Gems (Eds.), The Routledge history of American sport (pp. 1729). Routledge.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schultz, J. (2017b). Reimagining obesity. Quest, 69(2), 236255. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2016.1218777

  • Schultz, J. (2019a). Racialized osteology and athletic aptitude, or “Black” bones as red herrings. Journal of Sport History, 46(3), 325346. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.46.3.0325

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schultz, J. (2019b). Breaking into the marathon: Women’s distance running as political activism. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 40(2), 126. https://doi.org/10.5250/fronjwomestud.40.2.0001

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Schultz, J., Kenney, W.L., & Linden, A.D. (2014). Heat-related deaths in American football: An interdisciplinary approach. Sport History Review, 45(2), 123144. https://doi.org/10.1123/shr.2014-0025

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Shurley, J.P., Todd, J., & Todd, T. (2019). Strength coaching in America: A history of the innovation that transformed sports. University of Texas Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Sikes, M. (2019). Enduring legacies and convergent identities: The male dominated origins of the Kenyan running explosion. Journal of Sport History, 46(2), 273287. https://doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.46.2.0273

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Stone, D., Hughson, J., & Ellis, R. (Eds.), (2015). New directions in sport history. Routledge.

  • Struna, N. (1997). Sport history. In J.D. Massengale & R.A. Swanson (Eds), The history of exercise and sport science (pp. 143179). Human Kinetics.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tepper, F. (2013, November 20). Hey kids, it’s true: Your parents were never this slow. Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2013/1120/Hey-kids-it-s-true-Your-parents-were-never-this-slow

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Terret, T. (2008). The future of sport History: ISHPES, potential, and limits. Journal of Sport History, 35(2), 303309. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26404825

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tomkinson, G. (2021). Dr. Grant Tomkinson. https://people.unisa.edu.au/grant.tomkinson

  • Tomkinson, G.R., Annandale, M., & Ferrar, K. (2013). Global changes in cardiovascular endurance of children and youth since 1964: Systematic analysis of 25 million fitness test results from 28 countries. Circulation, 128(Suppl. 2), A13498.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tomkinson, G.R., & Olds, T.S. (2007a). Pediatric fitness: Secular trends and geographic variability. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 50, 4666. https://doi.org/10.1159/000101075

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tomkinson, G.R., & Olds, T.S. (2007b). Secular changes in pediatric aerobic fitness test performance: The global picture. In G.R. Tomkinson & T.S. Olds (Eds.), Pediatric fitness: Secular trends and geographic variability (pp. 4666). Karger.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Tomkinson, G.R., & Olds, T.S. (Eds.). (2007c). Pediatric fitness: Secular trends and geographic variability. Karger.

  • Trawalter, S., Hoffman, K.M., & Waytz, A. (2012). Racial bias in perceptions of others’ pain. PLoS One, 7(11), e48546. PubMed ID: 23155390 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048546

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Turrini, J.M. (2010). The end of amateurism in American track and field. University of Illinois Press.

  • Tygiel, J. (2008). Baseball’s great experiment: Jackie Robinson and his legacy. Oxford University Press.

  • Vamplew, W. (2019). Twenty-four million words and still counting: The International Journal of the History of Sport, 1984–2020. International Journal of the History of Sport, 36(17–18), 15011509. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2019.1708723

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vamplew, W., McClellan, J., & Dyreson, M. (Eds.). (2021). A cultural history of sport. Bloomsbury.

  • Ventresca, M., & Henne, K. (2020, September 17). NFL concussion lawsuit payouts reveal how racial bias in science continues. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/nfl-concussion-lawsuit-payouts-reveal-how-racial-bias-in-science-continues-145987?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=bylinefacebookbutton&fbclid=IwAR2_QSEra8dhry6KUpl64D5h6jSxQGsK35yQVQmfIGwfK30BpDYnHnWokh4

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vertinsky, P. (1994). The eternally wounded woman: Women, doctors, and exercise in the late nineteenth century. University of Illinois Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vertinsky, P. (2007a). Epilogue: Roberta J. Park and the ‘impossible dream’: Keeping it together for physical education and the academy. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 24(12), 17241753. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360701627678

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vertinsky, P. (2007b). Commentary: What is sports medicine? Journal of Sport History, 34(1), 8795. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360701627678

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Vertinsky, P. (2009). Mind the gap (or mending it): Qualitative research and interdisciplinarity in kinesiology. Quest, 61(1), 3951.

  • Vettenniemi, E. (2012). Prologue: Representations of running. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 29(7), 967979. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2012.690625

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • Wiggins, D.K. (1989). “Great speed but little stamina”: The historical debate over Black athletic superiority. Journal of Sport History, 16(2), 158185. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43609445

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 4902 1951 251
Full Text Views 433 23 9
PDF Downloads 410 44 17