Adaptive Regulation in a Stable Performance Environment: Trial-To-Trial Consistency in Cue Sports Performance

in Motor Control

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Jing Wen Pan Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-368X
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Pui Wah Kong Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Office of Graduate Studies and Professional Learning, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-9214
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John Komar Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-4065 *
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2021-0094
Keywords:
nine-ball; pool; billiards; error; correction
First Published Online:
08 Nov 2022
In Print:
Volume 27: Issue 2
Page Range:
242–257
Restricted access

This study aimed to investigate individual trial-to-trial performance in three tests to define adaptive regulation as a key feature of expertise in nine-ball. Thirty-one male players were assigned into the low-skilled (n = 11), intermediate (n = 10), or high-skilled groups (n = 10). The power control, cue alignment, and angle tests were selected to assess participants’ ability to control the power applied in shots, strike the ball straight, and understand the ball paths, respectively. Error distance and correction of error distance were identified for each shot using 2D video analysis. Results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the high-skilled group performed better in two out of the three tests than the other two groups (p = .010 for the cue alignment test; p = .002 for the angle test). However, the adaptation effect represented by the decreased error distances across trials was not observed. Pearson correlation revealed only a few significant correlations between the error distance and its correction within each participant in all tests (p < .05), and hence, the hypothesis that “low correction happened after small error and vice versa” is not supported.

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