Principal Component Analysis can Be Used to Discriminate Between Elite and Sub-Elite Kicking Performance

in Motor Control

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Michal Vagner Department of Military Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-0187
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Daniel J. Cleather Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
St Mary’s University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE)

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-3440 *
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Petr Kubový Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-2910
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Vladimír Hojka Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-0859
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Petr Stastny Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-374X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2022-0073
Keywords:
dynamic systems theory; attractor state; skilled performance; front kick; military fitness; close combat; constraints; PCA
First Published Online:
07 Dec 2022
In Print:
Volume 27: Issue 2
Page Range:
354–372
Restricted access

Contemporary descriptions of motor control suggest that variability in movement can be indicative of skilled or unskilled performance. Here we used principal component analysis to study the kicking performance of elite and sub-elite soldiers who were highly familiar with the skill in order to compare the variability in the first and second principal components. The subjects kicked a force plate under a range of loaded conditions, and their movement was recorded using optical motion capture. The first principal component explained >92% of the variability across all kinematic variables when analyzed separately for each condition, and both groups and explained more of the variation in the movement of the elite group. There was more variation in the loading coefficient of the first principal component for the sub-elite group. In contrast, for the second principal component, there was more variation in the loading coefficient for the elite group, and the relative magnitude of the variation was greater than for the first principal component for both groups. These results suggest that the first principal component represented the most fundamental movement pattern, and there was less variation in this mode for the elite group. In addition, more of the variability was explained by the hip than the knee angle entered when both variables were entered into the same PCA, which suggests that the movement is driven by the hip.

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