Effects of a 12-Week Exercise Intervention on Subsequent Compensatory Behaviors in Adolescent Girls: An Exploratory Study

in Pediatric Exercise Science

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Rachel MassieLoughborough University
University of Wolverhampton

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James SmallcombeLoughborough University

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Keith TolfreyLoughborough University

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2019-0012
Keywords:
energy compensation; energy intake; energy expenditure; physical activity
In Print:
Volume 31: Issue 4
Page Range:
495–504
Restricted access

Purpose: Chronic exercise programs can induce adaptive compensatory behavioral responses through increased energy intake (EI) and/or decreased free-living physical activity in adults. These responses can negate the benefits of an exercise-induced energy deficit; however, it is unclear whether young people experience similar responses. This study examined whether exercise-induced compensation occurs in adolescent girls. Methods: Twenty-three adolescent girls, heterogeneous for weight status, completed the study. Eleven adolescent girls aged 13 years completed a 12-week supervised exercise intervention (EX). Twelve body size–matched girls comprised the nonexercise control group (CON). Body composition, EI, free-living energy expenditure (EE), and peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2) were measured repeatedly over the intervention. Results: Laboratory EI (EX: 9027, 9610, and 9243 kJ·d−1 and CON: 9953, 9770, and 10,052 kJ·d−1 at 0, 12, and 18 wk, respectively; effect size [ES] = 0.26, P = .46) and free-living EI (EX: 7288, 6412, and 5273, 4916 kJ·d−1 and CON: 7227, 7128, and 6470, 6337 kJ·d−1 at 0, 6, 12, and 18 wk, respectively; ES ≤ 0.26, P = .90) did not change significantly over time and were similar between groups across the duration of the study. Free-living EE was higher in EX than CON (13,295 vs 12,115 kJ·d−1, ES ≥ 0.88, P ≥ .16), but no significant condition by time interactions were observed (P ≥ .17). Conclusion: The current findings indicate that compensatory changes in EI and EE behaviors did not occur at a group level within a small cohort of adolescent girls. However, analysis at the individual level highlights large interindividual variability in behaviors, which suggests a larger study may be prudent to extend this initial exploratory research.

Massie, Smallcombe, and Tolfrey are with the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom. Massie is also with the Institute for Community Research and Development, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.

Tolfrey (k.tolfrey@lboro.ac.uk) is corresponding author.
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Pediatric Exercise Science

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