Finding a Place Within the Academy: Sport Management and Faculty Entrepreneurship

in Sport Management Education Journal
Heather J. Lawrence * , 1 , James Strode * , 1 , Robert E. Baker * , 2 , and Paul C. Benedict * , 1
View More View Less
  • 1 Ohio University
  • 2 George Mason University
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/smej.2019-0031
Keywords:
business venture; external engagement; faculty responsibilities; innovation
In Print:
Volume 15: Issue 1
Pages:
41–48
Restricted access

Purchase article

USD  $24.95

Student 1 year online subscription

USD  $53.00

1 year online subscription

USD  $70.00

Student 2 year online subscription

USD  $100.00

2 year online subscription

USD  $134.00
Subscribe to this Journal

  • Purchase article

    USD  $24.95

  • Student 1 year online subscription

    USD  $53.00

  • 1 year online subscription

    USD  $70.00

  • Student 2 year online subscription

    USD  $100.00

  • 2 year online subscription

    USD  $134.00

Faculty are increasingly expected to participate in activities that bring additional revenue and prestige to their universities. Engaging in entrepreneurial activities can achieve this mission, as well as afford considerable benefits to the faculty member. This essay outlines the financial constraints that have moved universities to embrace entrepreneurship, discusses entrepreneurship in the context of sport management, outlines the benefits of pursuing entrepreneurship, describes considerations in a campus environment, and provides key considerations and a road map for navigating opportunities. The essay concludes with a call to action for sport management faculty and administrators to embrace an entrepreneurship model.

Lawrence, Strode, and Benedict are with Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. Baker is with George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.

Lawrence (lawrench@ohio.edu) is corresponding author.

Sport Management Education Journal

Cover Sport Management Education Journal

  • 2013 Eligibility Procedures and Accreditation Standards for Business Accreditation. (2018, July 1). Retrieved from https://www.aacsb.edu/accreditation/standards/business

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ahmad, N., & Seymour, R.G. (2008). Defining entrepreneurial activity: Definitions supporting frameworks for data collection. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1090372

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Aktaş, E., Çiçek, I., & Kıyak, M. (2011). The effect of organizational culture on organizational efficiency: The moderating role of organizational environment and CEO values. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1560–1573. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.092

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Austin, A.E., & Baldwin, R.G. (1991). Faculty collaboration: Enhancing the quality of scholarship and teaching. Washington DC: ERIC Clearinghouse on Higher Education, School of Education and Human Development. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 7.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Azoulay, P., Jones, B.F., Kim, J.D., & Miranda, J. (2018). Age and high growth entrepreneurship. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies 5K028B. Retrieved from https://siepr.stanford.edu/system/files/Age%20and%20High%20Growth%20Entrepreneurship%20_%20Integrated.pdf

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Baldwin, R.G., & Austin, A.E. (1995). Toward greater understanding of faculty research collaboration. The Review of Higher Education, 19(1), 45–70. doi:10.1353/rhe.1995.0002

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Berbegal-Mirabent, J., García, J.L.S., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D.E. (2015). University-industry partnerships for the provision of R&D services. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1407–1413. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.023

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Boylorn, R. (2008). Lived experience. In L.M. Given. (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (Vol. 2, pp. 489–490). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Bremer, H. (1998). University technology transfer: Evolution and revolution. Retrieved from https://bayhdole40.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Howard-Bremer_Uni-Tech-Evolution.pdf

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Byrne, J. (2017, October 20). Will Wisconsin be the next MBA casualty? Retrieved from https://poetsandquants.com/2017/10/20/will-wisconsin-be-the-next-mba-casualty/?pq-category=business-school-news

  • Case, R. (2017b). Sport entrepreneurship and future directions for sport management programs. Virginia Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 30(2), 16–18.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Case, R. (2017a, June 3). Sport entrepreneurship: Its time has come to be part of sport management curricular offerings. Paper presented at the meeting of the North American Society for Sport Management, Orlando, FL.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Chakravorti, B. (2010, November). Finding competitive advantage in adversity. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2010/11/finding-competitive-advantage-in-adversity

  • Commission on Sport Management Accreditation. (2016, May). Accreditation principles manual & guidelines for self-study preparation. Retrieved from https://www.cosmaweb.org/accreditation-manuals.html

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Czarnitzki, D., Hussinger, K., & Schneider, C. (2011, October). Commercializing academic research: The quality of faculty patenting. Industrial and Organizational Change, 20(5), 1403–1437.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Czarnitzli, D., & Toole, A.A. (2010). Is there a trade-off between academic research and faculty entrepreneurship? Evidence from US NIH supported biomedical researchers. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 19(5), 505–520.

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dasgupta, P., & David, P. (1994). Toward a new economics of science. Research Policy, 23(5), 487–521. doi:10.1016/0048-7333(94)01002-1

  • Dlouhá, J., Henderson, L., Kapitulčinová, D., & Mader, C. (2018). Sustainability-oriented higher education networks: Characteristics and achievements in the context of the UN DESD. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 4263–4276. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.239

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dougherty, A. (2012). “It takes a village:” Interdisciplinary research for sport management. Journal of Sport Management, 26(6), 1–10. doi:10.1123/jsm.26.6.546a

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Dubeck, L. (1997). Beware higher ed’s newest budget twist. The NEA Higher Education Journal, 13(1), 81–91.

  • Eckel, P.D., & Hartley, M. (2008). Developing academic strategic alliances: Reconciling multiple institutional cultures, policies, and practices. The Journal of Higher Education, 79(6), 613–637. doi:10.1080/00221546.2008.11772121

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Eisenmann, T. (2013, January 10). Entrepreneurship: A working definition [blog entry]. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2013/01/what-is-entrepreneurship

  • Eswaran, M., & Neary, H.M. (2016). The evolutionary logic of honoring sunk costs. Economic Inquiry, 54(2), 835–846. doi:10.1111/ecin.12287

  • Fitzpatrick, W.M., & Dilullo, S.A. (2016). Academic entrepreneurialism: Originating, commercializing and sustaining intellectual property development. Competition Forum, 14(2), 282–306.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Garrett, R. (2020, January 7). Higher education predications for 2020: Recession, certificates, and computer science. Encoura. Retrieved from https://encoura.org/higher-education-predictions-for-2020-recession-certificates-and-computer-science/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Gibb, A., Hofer, A.R., & Klofsten, M. (2018). The entrepreneurial and innovative higher education institution. HEInnovate—A review of the concept and its relevance today. https://heinnovate.eu/sites/default/files/heinnovate_concept_note.pdf

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Global Consortium of Entrepreneurship Centers. (2019). Become a GCEC member. Retrieved from http://www.globalentrepreneurshipconsortium.org/home/

  • Grawe, N.D. (2018). Demographics and the demand for higher education. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

  • Hayduk, T.M., III, & Walker, M. (2018). Mapping the strategic factor market for sport entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(3), 705–724. doi:10.1007/s11365-017-0482-3

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Hurduzeu, R.E. (2015). The impact of leadership on organizational performance. SEA—Practical Application of Science, 3(7), 289–293.

  • Jacob, W.J. (2015). Interdisciplinary trends in higher education. Palgrave communications, 1(1), 1–5.

  • Jones, P., Jones, A., Williams-Burnett, N., & Ratten, V. (2017). Let’s get physical: Stories of entrepreneurial activity from sports coaches/instructors. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 18(4), 219–230. doi:10.1177/1465750317741878

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kosmützky, A., & Putty, R. (2016). Transcending borders and traversing boundaries: A systematic review of the literature on transnational, offshore, cross-border, and borderless higher education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 20(1), 8–33. doi:10.1177/1028315315604719

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Kuratko, D.F. (2005). The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends, and challenges. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), 577–597. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00099.x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lawrence, H.J., Strode, J., Patore, D., Baker, R., Baker, P., Ridinger, L., . . . Gillentine, A. (2019, May). Sport management, entrepreneurship, and finding a place within the academy. Paper presented at the meeting of the North American Society for Sport Management, New Orleans, LA.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Lea, R. (2005). Managing entrepreneurial faculty members. Academic Leader, 21(10), 4–5.

  • Linn, M. (2007). Budget systems used in allocating resources to libraries. The Bottom Line: Managing Library Finances, 20(1), 20–29. doi:10.1108/08880450710747425

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mangan, K. (2018, April 30). These 2-year and 4-year college partnerships keep students from falling through the cracks. Retrieved from https://www.chronicle.com/article/These-2-Year4-Year/243283

  • Marcus, J. (2016, October 6). The reasons behind colleges’ ballooning bureaucracies. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/10/ballooning-bureaucracies-shrinking-checkbooks/503066/

  • Marcus, J. (2017, May 1). Under pressure to contain tuition, college scramble for other revenue. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/05/01/under-pressure-to-contain-tuition-colleges-scramble-for-other-revenue/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Marguerite, D.J. (2017, December). Bumpy road ahead for U.S. higher education. Enrollment Management Report, 21(9), 1–3. doi:10.1002/emt.30362

  • McGrath, R.G., & MacMillan, I. (2000). The entrepreneurial mindset: Strategies for continuously creating opportunity in an age of uncertainty. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • McKinsey & Company. (2011). The power of many: Realizing the socioeconomic potential of entrepreneurs in the 21st century. G20 Young Entrepreneur Summit. Retrieved from https://www.g20yea.com/images/reports/The_Power_of_Many-_McKinsey_Report.pdf

  • Mitchell, M., Leachman, M., & Masterson, K. (2017, August 23). A lost decade in higher education funding: State cuts have driven up tuition and reduced quality. Report from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/a-lost-decade-in-higher-education-funding

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Mitchell, M., Palacios, V., & Leachman, M. (2014, May 1). States are still funding higher education below pre-recession levels. Report from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from https://www.cbpp.org/research/states-are-still-funding-higher-education-below-pre-recession-levels

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Moody’s Investor Services. (2018, December 5). US higher education outlook remains negative on low tuition revenue growth [press release]. Retrieved from https://www.moodys.com/research/Moodys-US-higher-education-outlook-remains-negative-on-low-tuition--PBM_1152326

  • Morris, M.H., Kuratko, D.F., & Cornwall, J.R. (2013). Entrepreneurship programs and the modern university. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

  • Nicolaou, N., & Souitaris, V. (2016). Can perceived support for entrepreneurship keep great faculty in the face of spinouts? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 33(3), 298–319. doi:10.1111/jpim.12274

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ohio University College of Business. (2019). Standards for faculty qualification. Ohio University, Commission on Sport Management Accreditation. Retrieved from http://aspnet.cob.ohio.edu/isms/cmsb.aspx?cid=1289

  • Pastore, D., Baker, R., Strode, J., Lawrence, H.J., Ridinger, L., Baker, P., & McGarry, J. (2017, June). Faculty entrepreneurship and sport management. Paper presented at the meeting of the North American Society for Sport Management, Denver, CO.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Pittaway, L., & Cope, J. (2007). Entrepreneurship education: A systematic review of the evidence. International Small Business Journal, 25(5), 479–510. doi:10.1177/0266242607080656

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ratten, V. (2011). Sport-based entrepreneurship: Towards a new theory of entrepreneurship and sport management. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(1), 57–69. doi:10.1007/s11365-010-0138-z

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ratten, V. (2012). Sport entrepreneurship: Challenges and directions for future research. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 4(1), 65–76. doi:10.1504/IJEV.2012.044819

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ratten, V. (2018). Sport entrepreneurship. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

  • Ratten, V., & Jones, P. (2018). Future research directions for sport education: Toward an entrepreneurial learning approach. Education + Training, 60(5), 490–499. doi:10.1108/ET-02-2018-0028

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Renault, C. (2006). Academic capitalism and university incentives for faculty entrepreneurship. Journal of Technology Transfer, 31(2), 227–239. doi:10.1007/s10961-005-6108-x

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Ries, E. (2017). The startup way: How modern companies use entrepreneurial management to transform culture and drive long-term growth. New York, NY: Currency.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Selingo, J.J. (2018, August 3). Despite strong economy, worrying financial signs for higher education. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2018/08/03/despite-strong-economy-worrying-financial-signs-for-higher-education/?utm_term=.398431dbf7dd

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Siegel, D., Veugelers, R., & Wright, M. (2007). Technology transfer offices and commercialization of university intellectual property: Performance and policy implications. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23(4), 640–660. doi:10.1093/oxrep/grm036

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Sporn, B. (1999). Adaptive university structures. London, UK/Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd.

  • Stokowski, S., Li, B., Goss, B., Hutchens, S., & Turk, M. (2018). Work motivation and job satisfaction of sport management faculty members. Sport Management Education Journal, 12(2), 80–89. doi:10.1123/smej.2017-0011

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Tech Transfer Central. (2010, November). Tenure policies slowly shifting to support commercialization activity. Technology Transfer Tactics, 4(11), 161–176. Retrieved from https://techtransfercentral.com/2010/11/16/technology-transfer-tactics-november-2010-issue/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Thursby, J., Fuller, A., & Thursby, M. (2009). U.S. faculty patenting: Inside and outside the university. Research Policy, 38(1), 14–25. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.09.004

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • U.S. Department of Commerce. (2013). The innovative and entrepreneurial university: Higher education, innovation & entrepreneurship in focus. Retrieved from https://www.eda.gov/pdf/The_Innovative_and_Entrepreneurial_University_Report.pdf

  • Usher, A. (2014, October 28). Responsibility-centered budgeting [blog entry]. Higher Education Associates. Retrieved from http://higheredstrategy.com/responsibility-centred-budgeting/

  • Weerts, D.J., & Ronca, J.M. (2006). Examining differences in state support for higher education: A comparative study of state appropriations for research I universities. Journal of Higher Education, 77(6), 935–967. doi:10.1353/jhe.2006.0054

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • Weintraub, A. (2017, March 15). Graduate schools offer new paths into health care. Retrieved from https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/articles/2017-03-15/graduate-schools-offer-new-paths-into-health-care

  • Zierdt, G.L. (2009). Responsibility-centered budgeting: An emerging trend in higher education budget reform. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 31(4), 345–353. doi:10.1080/13600800903191971

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 156 156 49
Full Text Views 7 7 1
PDF Downloads 2 2 0