Should Athletes Be Allowed to Protest During the National Anthem? An Analysis of Public Opinions Among U.S. Adults

in Sociology of Sport Journal

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Chris Knoester The Ohio State University

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B. David Ridpath Ohio University

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Rachel Allison Mississippi State University

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2020-0153
First Published Online:
01 Sep 2021
In Print:
Volume 39: Issue 1
Page Range:
23–34
Restricted access

Using descriptive and multiple regression analyses of data from the National Sports and Society Survey (N = 3,993), this study examines public opinions about athletes’ right to protest during the national anthem. Results suggest that public opinion is now more supportive of athletes being allowed to protest during the anthem, although considerable opposition persists. Black individuals and those who recognize racial/ethnic discrimination in society are especially likely to support athletes’ right to protest. Heterosexual, Christian, sports fan, and military identities seem to encourage opposition to the right to protest. Indicators of traditionalism and sports nationalism attitudes are also negatively associated with support for athlete protests.

Knoester is with The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Ridpath is with the Department of Sports Administration, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. Allison is with Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA.

Knoester (knoester.1@osu.edu) is corresponding author.
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