The Playing Tough and Clean Hockey Program
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The Playing Tough and Clean Hockey Program was developed to teach youth hockey players ages 12 and older to play within the rules and enhance their ability to respond positively to their negative emotions (i.e., through emotional toughness). Hockey players were taught cognitive and emotional skills within a 3 R’s routine to decrease aggressive acts. Three youth ice hockey players identified as frequently exhibiting aggressive behaviors participated in 10 sessions. A single-subject design was used to analyze participants’ aggressive behaviors as well as emotional toughness. Results reveal slight improvements in all participants, with the largest reductions in retaliatory and major aggressive acts. Several key implications for practice are provided including the use of routines and managing emotional responses.
Lauer is with the Institute for the Study of Youth Sports, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. Paiement is with the School of Health Sciences and Human Performance, Dept. of Sport Management and Media, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850.
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