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Clinical Scenario: Athletic trainers must be confident when performing life-saving skills, such as a cardiovascular assessment and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Learning and performing skills on high-fidelity simulation manikins may improve athletic training students’ self-confidence and self-efficacy. Clinical Question: What are the effects of high-fidelity manikin simulation on athletic training students’ self-confidence and self-efficacy in performing emergency cardiovascular care? Summary of Key Findings: Three good-quality cohort studies were included. Two studies assessed the effect of high-fidelity cardiopulmonary resuscitation simulation, and one study assessed the effect of high-fidelity cardiovascular assessment. Two studies evaluated self-confidence, while the other study evaluated self-efficacy. All three studies found that high-fidelity simulation improved athletic training students’ self-confidence and self-efficacy. Clinical Bottom Line: There is currently consistent, good-quality evidence that supports the use of high-fidelity manikin simulation to improve athletic training students’ self-confidence and self-efficacy in performing cardiovascular skills and assessment. Future research should examine the effects of high-fidelity manikin simulation on the same academic levels of athletic training students to ensure generalizability of results. Strength of Recommendation: The grade of B is recommended by the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy for consistent, good-quality evidence.

Postural asymmetry due to the alterations in scapular posture is typically considered to be associated with injury. Pectoralis minor (PM) has played a crucial role in scapular posture, but limited knowledge exists that shows the possible effect of PM length on static scapular positioning in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between static scapular positioning and two different PM length measurements in adolescents. Pearson rank test demonstrated that direct measurements of the PM length significantly and strongly inversely correlated to scapular anterior tilting (p = .01; r = −.592)and significantly and moderately inversely correlated to scapular internal rotation (p = .013; r = −.465) and scapular downward rotation (p = .028; r = −.416). However, indirect measurement of the PM length was not related to scapular posture. No significant correlation was found between direct and indirect PM length measurements. Direct measurement of PM length presents more information regarding alterations of the static scapular positioning.

This case report describes the process of returning to play as a case of exertional rhabdomyolysis caused by excessive training by a national rugby player. The authors reported the serum analysis, urinalysis, visual analog scale for pain, and lower-extremity functional scale. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and myoglobin levels in the serum analysis decreased normally during the eighth day, and creatine phosphokinase levels decreased to normal levels by the 15th day. The maximal scale of visual analog scale for pain was 10 from the third day to the fifth day, and gradually decreased from the sixth day (scale = 6.6) to the 13th day (scale = 0.9). The lower-extremity functional scale scores after the diagnosis of exertional rhabdomyolysis were 0 at the third day, 47 at the 10th day, and 80 at the 24th day. A moderate increase in water intake could help the player recover faster. To restore overall body condition for rugby performance, specific athletic therapy and training should be provided at a predetermined specific time.

Clinical Question: Does ankle dorsiflexion promote irradiation of ipsilateral lower extremity musculature during a maximal isometric quadriceps contraction task in a healthy population? Clinical Bottom Line: There is preliminary evidence supporting the use of active ankle dorsiflexion during isometric quadriceps exercises to promote increased quadriceps activation and force production. As isometric quadriceps exercises are often included in initial stage rehabilitation, increasing muscle activation and force production may be beneficial.