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Racial/ethnic disparities in access to social and environmental supports for physical activity (PA) exist at each level of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological-systems model. African American and Latino youth are less likely to have PA equipment at home, more likely to have access to electronic-media devices, and more likely to attend schools with insufficient PA programming (microsystem). Parents of African American and Latino youth tend to have lower involvement at schools, resulting in fewer opportunities to provide social support for their children’s PA (mesosystem). African American and Latino youth also lack safe places to exercise in their neighborhoods (exosystem) and may experience socioeconomic and cultural barriers to engaging in PA (macrosystem). Yet, there are vast opportunities to intervene—policy approaches, developing school- and family-based programming, and altering the built environment can foster the adoption and maintenance of health-enhancing PA in ethnic-minority youth. This review highlights prominent disparities in PA supports for African American and Latino children and adolescents, as well as current strategies used to reduce disparities in youth PA.

This paper reviews the historiography of Australian indigenous sport. The historiography geographically and culturally emphasizes Aboriginal athletes over Torres Strait Islanders and temporally concentrates on the late 19th and late 20th centuries over the Protection Era that spanned much of the 20th century. In the contemplation of the historiographical silences, Whiteness and critical race theory (CRT), along with other strands of indigenous studies and decolonizing methodologies, are useful tools. Whiteness foregrounds Western epistemological perspectives and modes of knowledge presentation in professionally approved written outputs such as books, articles, and theses. CRT highlights the intricate workings of cultural forms such as sport and ways that Aboriginal people negotiate race and racism within particular cultural and social structures. These dimensions of Whiteness and CRT help demonstrate how and why Aboriginal sport history contributes to understanding race relations in Australia.

Historically, cultural competence included providing a list of traits or characteristics germane to ethnic and racial groups. Although it is important to understand cultural groups broadly rather than merely reducing information to a cultural list, health care professionals need to know how individual patients experience their illness or injury. The purposes of this paper are to provide health care professionals an example of how to elicit cultural information from the patient’s perspective using the outline for cultural formulation and cultural formulation interview, to discuss the need to be aware of the social determinants of health in order to help patients or clients beyond cultural needs, and to suggest advocacy through a social-justice lens.

In observing others and participating in social exchanges, people learn about aspects of physical activity, become inspired or discouraged to be active, and are afforded physical activity and other choices that are pursued with varying degrees of effort and persistence. With respect to children and adolescents, peers are uniquely situated social agents that we could more intensively study and leverage to the benefit of understanding and promoting physical activity. The author presents a case for expanding peer-focused physical activity research. He overviews how peers can both facilitate and undermine physical activity motivation (i.e., through desire for affiliation, social comparison, and social rejection) and how peers express structure (i.e., flocking) in ways that may offer paths to successful physical activity promotion. He then presents knowledge gaps and critical conceptual and methodological considerations that must be addressed to advance scientific understanding and peer-focused physical-activity-promotion efforts.

This article explores the idea of integration as a common theme for the next decade of motor control and learning research. Theoretical advances coupled with advances in understanding individual differences and brain-imaging techniques will facilitate novel perspectives through an integrated understanding of sensory, cognitive, and emotional processing for motor control and learning. Through the support of fundamental research, discoveries that cannot be predicted today will create new insights into how motor control and learning can inform education, health care, and sport. An integrated approach is critical for designs of novel products and procedures, as many new designs are not subject to large-scale trials. To achieve the most effective integration with the public and wider scientific community, researchers should explore novel methods for sharing our findings efficiently, ethically, and effectively.