Volume 42 (2025): Issue 2 (Apr 2025)
Volume 20 (2025): Issue 4 (Apr 2025)
Volume 33 (2025): Issue 2 (Apr 2025)
Volume 41 (2025): Issue 2 (Apr 2025)
Volume 22 (2025): Issue 4 (Apr 2025)
Volume 47 (2025): Issue 2 (Apr 2025)
Volume 44 (2025): Issue 2 (Apr 2025)
Acute Changes in Muscle Thickness and Quality Following Dynamic Bodyweight Exercise in Recreationally Trained Adults
Kathleen R. Dondero, Dakota T. Siok, Hannah A. Zabriskie, Davi A.G. Mázala, Devon A. Dobrosielski, Odessa Addison, and Rian Q. Landers-Ramos
Context: Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging is a valid and reliable tool to measure muscle morphology, but minimal research explores its utility in assessing acute morphology changes after exercise in active populations. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in ultrasound-based measures of muscle thickness (MT) and quality (MQ) in response to a single bout of short-duration, high-intensity bodyweight exercise in the acute and postacute recovery timeframe. Design: Interventional study. Methods: Nineteen healthy, recreationally active young men and women (27.1 [8.3] y) completed a dynamic bodyweight exercise circuit primarily focused on the lower body. B-mode ultrasound images were obtained of the rectus femoris in resting and contracted conditions preexercise, ∼15 minutes, and 24 hours postexercise. Knee-extensor strength and MQ (muscle strength [in newtons]/resting MT [in centimeters]) were also assessed at the same timepoints. Results: Resting and contracted MT increased (13.0%; 6.9%) from pre- to 15 minute postexercise, returning to baseline at 24 hours postexercise. Δ MT decreased (−24.5%) from pre- to 15 minutes postexercise and was not different from either 15 minutes postexercise or baseline by the 24-hour timepoint. Knee extension strength and MQ decreased (−15.6%; 24.2%) from pre- to 15 minutes postexercise and remained below baseline at 24 hours postexercise. Conclusion: MT measures alone suggested faster recovery from an exercise circuit than knee-extensor strength or MQ, though the combined metric of MQ may be useful for longitudinal monitoring of muscle recovery timelines in rehabilitation programs.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool for Athletes
Elif Aleyna Yazgan, Dilber Karagözoğlu Coşkunsu, and Arzu Razak Özdinçler
Context: To cross-cultural translate the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) to Turkish version (CAIT-T) and to evaluate the validity, reliability, and cutoff score of CAIT-T for Turkish athletic population. Design: The English version of CAIT was translated to CAIT-T based on a guideline of cross-cultural adaptation. Fifty-two athletes with chronic ankle instability and 63 athletes without chronic ankle instability were included in the study. Construct validity was evaluated with correlations between the CAIT-T, Turkish version of Foot Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM-T), and Numeric Rating Scale. CAIT-T was completed twice by each participant at 7 to 10 days intervals to assess test–retest reliability based on the intraclass correlation coefficient, whereas Cronbach alpha evaluated internal consistency. Discriminative validity and content validity of the CAIT-T also evaluated. Results: In construct validity, strong positive correlation was found between CAIT-T and Numeric Rating Scale perceived ankle instability (rho = −.771, P < .001), as well as moderate negative correlations with FAAM-T-activities of daily living and FAAM-T-sports (rho = −.448, P < .001 and rho = −0.541, P < .001, respectively). The CAIT-T demonstrated strong test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient score of .98) with a good internal consistency (Cronbach α: .85). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed a cutoff score of 26.5 (Youden index: 0.78, sensitivity: 0.57, specificity: 0.90.5). No ceiling or floor effects were observed. Conclusions: CAIT-T is a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of chronic ankle instability in the Turkish athletic population.
The Effects of Exercise and Manual Manipulation on Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction: A Critically Appraised Topic
Christopher J. Joyce, Kallie Nowell, Michelle C. Boling, and Bernadette D. Buckley
Clinical Scenario: Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) is pain in the sacroiliac region that can be debilitating and difficult to treat. Many interventions can be used to treat SIJD, including exercise and manual manipulation. The effectiveness of these treatments by themselves, or in conjunction, is not well understood. Clinical Question: In active individuals with SIJD, is an exercise intervention, manual manipulation, or a combination of the 2 effective in reducing pain and improving function? Summary of Key Findings: Three studies were included in this critically appraised topic. One study found that both exercise therapy and manipulation therapy decreased pain and improved function, but found no between-group differences. The other 2 studies found that exercise therapy, manipulation therapy, and the combination of the 2 were effective in decreasing pain and improving function in the participants. Clinical Bottom Line: The results of the studies suggested that exercise therapy, manual therapy, and a combination of the 2 therapies can be effective in reducing pain and dysfunction in patients with SIJD. While manual therapy techniques alone may be effective in reducing SIJD pain short term, exercise therapy or a combination of the 2 may be more effective in reducing pain long term. Strength of Recommendation: There appears to be level B evidence supporting the use of exercise therapy, manual therapy, or a combination of the 2 for the treatment of SIJD. This recommendation is based on the inconsistent or limited quality patient-oriented evidence presented in the 3 included studies, as defined by the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy.
