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Daniel H. Huffman, Brian G. Pietrosimone, Terry L. Grindstaff, Joseph M. Hart, Susan A. Saliba, and Christopher D. Ingersoll

Context:

Motoneuron-pool facilitation after cryotherapy may be mediated by stimulation of thermoreceptors surrounding a joint. It is unknown whether menthol counterirritants, which also stimulate thermoreceptors, have the same effect on motoneuron-pool excitability (MNPE).

Objective:

To compare quadriceps MNPE after a menthol-counterirritant application to the anterior knee, a sham counterirritant application, and a control treatment in healthy subjects.

Design:

A blinded, randomized controlled laboratory study.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Participants:

Thirty healthy subjects (16 m, 14 f; 24.1 ± 3.9 y, 170.6 ± 11.4 cm, 72.1 ± 15.6 kg) with no history of lower extremity surgery volunteered for this study.

Intervention:

Two milliliters of menthol or sham counterirritant was applied to the anterior knee; control subjects received no intervention.

Main Outcome Measures:

The average vastus medialis normalized Hoffmann reflex (Hmax:Mmax ratio) was used to measure MNPE. Measurements were recorded at 5, 15, 25, and 35 minutes postintervention and compared with baseline measures.

Results:

Hmax:Mmax ratios for all groups significantly decreased over time (F 4,108 = 10.52, P < .001; menthol: baseline = .32 ± .20, 5 min = .29 ± .18, 15 min = .27 ± .18, 25 min = .28 ± .19, 35 min = .27 ± .18; sham: baseline = .46 ± .26, 5 min = .36 ± .20, 15 min = .35 ± .19, 25 min = .35 ± .20, 35 min = .34 ± .18; control: baseline = .48 ± .32, 5 min = .37 ± .27, 15 min = .37 ± .27, 25 min = .37 ± .29, 35 min = .35 ± .28). No significant Group × Time interaction or group differences in Hmax:Mmax were found.

Conclusions:

Menthol did not affect quadriceps MNPE in healthy subjects.

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Michael G. Dolan, Brian G. Pietrosimone, J. Ty Hopkins, and Christopher D. Ingersoll

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John McCleve, Luke Donovan, Christopher D. Ingersoll, Charles Armstrong, and Neal R. Glaviano

Altered arthrokinematics are present in individuals with chronic ankle instability, which may influence their walking biomechanics. The objective of this study was to determine if fibular reposition tape (FRT) has any effect on lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) during gait in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Twenty active individuals with bilateral CAI received three conditions: FRT, sham FRT, and no tape. Ten trials of walking were collected for each condition to evaluate lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and vGRF. Curve analyses were used to compare conditions by plotting group means and 90% confidence intervals. There were no significant differences in lower extremity biomechanics between any tape conditions. Application of FRT did not have any effect on triplanar kinematics, kinetics, or vGRF during gait in individuals with CAI.