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Effectiveness of Clinical Ultrasound Parameters on Changing Intramuscular Temperature

Timothy J. Demchak and Marcus B. Stone

Context:

Researchers have recommended certain ultrasound treatment parameters for deep heating; however, we observed different parameters in the clinical setting.

Objective:

To compare the treatment effect of using observed clinical parameters (OCP) from 8 clinicians to the treatment effect of using the recommended parameters (RP) sited in research.

Design:

2 × 2 repeated measures design.

Setting:

Sports injury research laboratory.

Participants:

Ten healthy volunteers.

Interventions:

Two 1 MHz treatment, 1 RP treatment (1.5 W/cm2, 10-min, area-2 to 3 × ERA), and 1 OCP treatment (1.3 W/cm2, 8-min, area 3.9 × ERA)

Main Outcome Measure:

Tricep surae temperature 3 cm below superficial tissue

Results:

The RP treatment increase temperature from 36.4 ± 1.0 to 40.3± 2.0°C, which was a greater change than the OCP (36.5 ± 1.2 to 38.2 ± 1.6°C).

Conclusions:

The OCP treatment resulted in a lower heating affect than the RP. Small change in treatment area, intensity, and duration can have a large effect on temperature change.

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 17 (2008): Issue 3 (Jan 2008)

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Ultrasound Heating Is Curvilinear in Nature and Varies between Transducers from the Same Manufacturer

Timothy J. Demchak, Stephen J. Straub, and Lennart D. Johns

Context:

Ultrasound heating rates are known to differ between various manufacturers; it is unknown whether this difference exists within a manufacturer.

Objective:

Determine if intramuscular heating differences exist between transducers from the same manufacturer.

Study Design:

3 × 10 repeated measures. Independent variables were Transducer (A, B, and C) and Time (10-min time points during the treatment).

Setting:

Controlled laboratory.

Participants:

Twelve volunteers (M = 4, F = 8; age: 23 ± 4 years; calf-girth: 37.94 ± 4.16 cm; calf-skinfold: 27 ± 17 mm).

Intervention:

Three 10-min 1MHz continuous ultrasound treatments performed at an intensity of 1.2 W/cm2, over an area 2x transducer.

Main Outcome Measures:

Calf temperature increase.

Results:

Heating curve generated for each transducer were significantly different (P = .034) but the overall temperature increases following 10 minutes of treatment were within 0.1°C (F = 1.023 P = .573).

Conclusion:

Heating curves differ between transducers from the same manufacturer but peak heating at 10 minutes was similar.

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 16 (2007): Issue 2 (Jan 2007)

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Effects of Altering Intensity during 1-MHz Ultrasound Treatment on Increasing Triceps Surae Temperature

Phillip O. Burr, Timothy J. Demchak, Mitchell L. Cordova, Christopher D. Ingersoll, and Marcus B. Stone

Context:

It has been suggested that to obtain optimal physiological effects of heating, musculoskeletal temperature (TEMP) should be elevated 3 °C above baseline and maintained for at least 5 min.

Objective:

To identify a multi-intensity ultrasound protocol that will achieve optimal heating.

Design:

1 × 2 between-subjects.

Setting:

Sports-injury research laboratory.

Participants:

20 healthy volunteers.

Interventions:

A 2.5-min treatment at 2.4 W/cm2 immediately followed by a 7.5-min treatment at 1.0 W/cm2 (T1) and a 10-min treatment at 1.5 W/cm2 (T2).

Outcome Measures:

TEMP change during the first 2.5 min of ultrasound treatment (°C), time the TEMP was ≥3 °C above baseline during and after the treatment.

Results:

T1 increased TEMP during the first 2.5 min of the ultrasound treatment (3.22 ± 1.25 °C) more than T2 did (1.68 ± 0.72 °C). No difference was found for the remaining measures.

Conclusions:

The multi-intensity protocol (2.4 W/cm2 and 1.0 W/cm2) did not result in optimal heating.

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 13 (2004): Issue 4 (Jan 2004)