Tour de France (24.8 [1.7] MJ·d −1 , 5927 [411] kcal·d −1 ). 2 Doubly labeled water has also been used for shorter measurements (12–24 h) including the Kona Ironman Triathlon (9.8 [1.3] MJ, 9040 [1390] kcal) and the Western States 100 ultramarathon (68.2 [12.4] MJ, 16,310 [2960] kcal). 3 , 4 The
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Total Energy Expenditure and ad Libitum Fluid/Nutrient Intake During a 24-Hour Mountain-Bike Event: A Case Study
Patrick Dodds, Dale Schoeller, Tim Shriver, and Brent Ruby
How Much Sleep Does an Elite Athlete Need?
Charli Sargent, Michele Lastella, Shona L. Halson, and Gregory D. Roach
total of 175 elite athletes from 12 sports (Australian Rules football, basketball, cricket, kayaking, mountain biking, race walking, road cycling, rugby union, soccer, swimming, track cycling, and triathlon) gave informed consent to participate in the study (Table 1 ). Athletes were volunteers from
The Effect of Upper-Body Positioning on the Aerodynamic–Physiological Economy of Time-Trial Cycling
Steve H. Faulkner and Philippa Jobling
positioning, could inhibit heat loss via reduced sweat evaporation. If heat loss is inhibited, then an increase in heat storage is inevitable, which may result in a reduced performance capacity, especially in longer duration TTs 15 or triathlon events. Currently, the exact balance between aerodynamic
Transgender Inclusion in Sport
George B. Cunningham, Risa Isard, and E. Nicole Melton
are all born free and equal in dignity and rights” ( Australian Human Rights Commission, 2019 , para. 9). USA Triathlon used similar language when the governing body issued a statement in support of transgender athletes: At USA Triathlon, we believe that access to sport is a human right. We recognize
Semiautomatic Training Load Determination in Endurance Athletes
Christophe Dausin, Sergio Ruiz-Carmona, Ruben De Bosscher, Kristel Janssens, Lieven Herbots, Hein Heidbuchel, Peter Hespel, Véronique Cornelissen, Rik Willems, André La Gerche, Guido Claessen, and on behalf of the Pro@Heart Consortium*
, Dausin, et al., 2022 ; de Bosscher et al., 2021 ). Pro@Heart is a prospective study in which young male and female endurance athletes (cycling, distance running [≥1,500 m], duathlon, triathlon, rowing, swimming [≥400 m], or cross-country skiing) competing at national or international level are recruited
Moving on in Sport Science
Iñigo Mujika and David B. Pyne
back, as I had already embarked on new exciting projects. Over the past 25 years, I moved on professionally multiple times and for various reasons: as a triathlon coach because some athletes retired, and others decided to look elsewhere; as a sports physiologist because I was offered the opportunity to
Athlete Perceptions of Social Media Benefits and Challenges During Major Sport Events
Michelle Hayes, Kevin Filo, Caroline Riot, and Andrea Geurin
. For example, the Triathlon Grand Final was the final event on the international triathlon calendar. Events primarily consisted of single-sport competitions, with the exception of the Asian Indoor Martial Arts Games, the Aquatic World Championships, and the New Zealand Winter Games. The events were
Does Prophylactic Stretching Reduce the Occurrence of Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramping? A Critically Appraised Topic
John W. Evers-Smith and Kevin C. Miller
, and BMI not reported) Experimental design Case control study Prospective cohort study Prospective cohort study Prospective cohort study Oxford Level of Evidence (2011) 4 3 3 3 JBI quality score 10 of 10 9 of 11 8 of 11 8 of 11 Exercise event 2006 and 2007 Ironman Triathlon 2010 Ironman Triathlon 56-km
The Influence of High-Intensity Work on the Record Power Profile of Under-23, Pro Team, and World Tour Cyclists
Peter Leo, Manuel Mateo-March, Andrea Giorgi, Xabier Muriel, Alejandro Javaloyes, David Barranco-Gil, Jesús G. Pallarés, Alejandro Lucia, Iñigo Mujika, and Pedro L. Valenzuela
aforementioned findings might be of relevance, particularly given the essentially stochastic nature of competitive cycling, 9 with most races typically including numerous intermittent, high-intensity efforts—which is also the case in other events such as mountain biking or triathlon races. 10 , 11 It has been
“I Just Roll Over, Pick Myself Up, and Carry On!” Exploring the Fall-Risk Experience of Canadian Masters Athletes
Dylan Brennan, Aleksandra A. Zecevic, Shannon L. Sibbald, and Volker Nolte
) hammer, shot put, discus, and javelin 2 (9) Triathlon 7 (31.8) Note . A total of 14 participants competed in two or more sports. Sport definition: “Involves both physical activity and exercise but has a specific set of rules and goals for individuals to train for and excel under” ( Zourikian, Jarock
