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Impact of Microcycle Structures on Physical and Technical Outcomes During Professional Rugby League Training and Matches
Tahleya Eggers, Rebecca Cross, Dean Norris, Lachlan Wilmot, and Ric Lovell
Reduced Cross-Sectional Area of the Gluteus Medius Muscle is Associated With Decreased Activities of Daily Living in Older Adult Patients With Hip Fractures
Ryo Shiraishi, Keisuke Sato, Nobumasa Chijiiwa, Sadao Yoshida, and Takahiro Ogawa
due to a decrease in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the hip abductor muscles ( Cecchi et al., 2018 ; Noda et al., 2017 ; Stasi et al., 2018 ). In addition, a decrease in muscle CSA is associated with an increased incidence of hip fractures and reduced motor function in older adults ( Lang et
A Conceptual Model of the Corporate Decision-Making Process of Sport Sponsorship Acquisition
David Arthur, Don Scott, and Terry Woods
The general acceptance of sport sponsorship by corporate and sporting worlds alike has led to a situation whereby corporations receive from hundreds to thousands of unsolicited proposals annually. Despite this, there is a general lack of systematic research into sport sponsorship with little information in existence as to how corporations decide between alternative properties. In an attempt to address this situation, this paper develops a conceptual model of the sport sponsorship acquisition process based on the basic tenets of organizational purchasing behavior, contemporary literature on sport sponsorship, and the results of a qualitative study. It is anticipated that the Sport Sponsorship Acquisition Model will form the basis for further scholarly research to ascertain the precise nature of the acquisition process.
A Study on Trunk Muscle Activation of 2 Deep Water Running Styles (High-Knee and Cross-Country Style) and Land Walking
Billy Chun-Lung So, Calvin Hong-Nin Yuen, Ken Long-Hin Tung, Sheena Lam, Sammy Lan Cheng, Zina Wing-Lam Hung, Rainy Wai-Kwan Leung, and Grace Pui-Yuk Szeto
the bottom of the pool. 2 , 3 There are 2 styles of DWR, termed the high-knee style (HK-DWR) and the cross-country style (CC-DWR). 3 – 5 HK-DWR resembles marching in place, stair stepping, or cycling, with great hip and knee movement (Figure 1 ). 5 In terms of kinematics, it is significantly
The Contribution From Cross-Country Skiing and Shooting Variables on Performance-Level and Sex Differences in Biathlon World Cup Individual Races
Harri Luchsinger, Jan Kocbach, Gertjan Ettema, and Øyvind Sandbakk
Biathlon is an Olympic winter sport, where 3 or 5 (0.8–4 km) laps of cross-country skiing using the skating technique is interspersed with 5-shot series of rifle shooting, alternating between the prone or standing position. One of the traditional racing formats is the individual distance
Exercising Alone or Exercising With Others and Mental Health Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Longitudinal Analysis of Cross-Lagged and Simultaneous Effects
Kazuhiro Harada, Kouhei Masumoto, and Narihiko Kondo
associated with them. However, one of these studies was cross-sectional 16 and neither 16 , 17 considered bidirectional associations of exercise and mental health, something that previous studies 18 , 19 suggest may exist. To establish additional effects of exercise with others, further longitudinal
Translating Questionnaires and Inventories Using a Cross-Cultural Translation Technique
Dominique Banville, Pauline Desrosiers, and Yvette Genet-Volet
With the rise of cultural diversity in populations, researchers are faced with new issues, such as working with participants from other cultures that speak different languages. This research note presents a methodology developed by Vallerand (1989) in the psychological field that translates and validates questionnaires and inventories developed for a specific culture. This cross-cultural technique has seven steps and insures that the instrument will provide data that are valid and reliable in the targeted population. The seven steps are defined, and examples of results from a study using this methodology are provided.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors Physical Activity Questionnaire in Chinese Older Adults
Xiaoyang Shi, Yan Wang, Xiuxiu Huang, Shangshang Gao, Qiaoqin Wan, and Shaomei Shang
properties. Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation Permission was obtained from the original questionnaire developer by e-mail to use the original CHAMPS questionnaire for translation into the Chinese language. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CHAMPS were conducted in five steps
Collegiate Cross Country Coaches’ Knowledge of Eating Disorders
Cheryl Govero and Barbara A. Bushman
Athletes are at a high risk for eating disorders due to the pressures placed on them by themselves as well as coaches. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the knowledge level of eating disorders among cross country coaches, (2) to determine their level of confidence in this knowledge, and (3) to determine reported sources of educational resources. Four schools were randomly selected from each NCAA Division I conference (return rate: 48%). A two-part questionnaire assessed sources of information and knowledge of eating disorders. Literature and sponsored programs were the two most common sources of information. For the 30 knowledge questions, coaches indicated their confidence level on a 4-item Likert-type scale. The knowledge of the majority of coaches was relatively high, and those with higher accuracy also had higher confidence. The confidence level and the percent of coaches answering each question correctly were significantly correlated, r=0.56 (p<0.01) but the confidence level and the percent answering incorrectly were not significantly correlated, r=0.24 (p=0.24). There were no significant differences in knowledge scores considering years of coaching (p=0.67) nor were there any significant differences in the scores between males and females (p=0.17). Although the cross country coaches were quite knowledgeable, additional ways to increase knowledge of eating disorders are needed.
Physiologic Comparison of Adolescent Female and Male Cross-Country Runners
Lee N. Cunningham
To compare the physiologic differences between adolescent male and female cross-country runners, 12 male and 12 female high school nonelite distance runners who had competed successfully at the All State 5-km championship cross-country meet were tested in the laboratory. Data were analyzed in relation to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (VT), and running economy (RE). Male runners were taller, heavier, had less body fat, and ran faster by 2 minutes and 18 seconds than female runners. Running economy was similar between gender. VO2 at a 215 m•min−1 pace was 46.7 ml•kg−1•min−1 for male runners and 47.8 ml•kg−1•min−1 for female runners. At the VT, males demonstrated a higher VO2 and treadmill velocity than females. Heart rate, percent HR max, and percent VO2 max at the VT were not different between gender. Males demonstrated a higher VO2 max of 74.6 versus 66.1 ml•kg−1•min−1 than female runners. The fractional utilization of VO2 at race pace was not different between males (90%) and females (91%). In conclusion, the primary physiologic determinant for performance differences between nonelite, competitive male and female adolescent distance runners is associated with VO2 max.
