Metabolic power ( P met ) has been proposed as a tool to estimate the energetic demands of variable-speed locomotion typically seen in team sports. 1 From the outset, it should be stated that this model is not able to fully account for the physical demands of team-sport activity, 2 , 3 but nor
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Metabolic Power: A Step in the Right Direction for Team Sports
Ted Polglaze and Matthias W. Hoppe
Acute Responses to Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia Combined With Whole-Body Cryotherapy: A Preliminary Study
Thibaud Mihailovic, Alain Groslambert, Romain Bouzigon, Simon Feaud, Grégoire P. Millet, and Philippe Gimenez
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate acute psychophysiological responses to repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) combined with whole-body cryotherapy (WBC). Method: Sixteen trained cyclists performed 3 sessions in randomized order: RSH, WBC-RSH (WBC pre-RSH), and RSH-WBC (WBC post-RSH). RSH consisted of 3 sets of 5 × 10-second sprints with 20-second recovery at a simulated altitude of 3000 m. Power output, muscle oxygenation (tissue saturation index), heart-rate variability, and recovery perception were analyzed. Sleep quality was assessed on the nights following test sessions and compared with a control night using nocturnal ActiGraphy and heart-rate variability. Results: Power output did not differ between the conditions (P = .27), while the decrease in tissue saturation index was reduced for WBC-RSH compared to RSH-WBC in the last set. In both conditions with WBC, the recovery perception was higher compared to RSH (WBC-RSH: +15.4%, and RSH-WBC: +21.9%, P < .05). The number of movements during the RSH-WBC night was significantly lower than for the control night (−18.7%, P < .01) and WBC-RSH (−14.9%, P < .05). RSH led to a higher root mean square of the successive differences of R-R intervals and high-frequency band during the first hour of sleep compared to the control night (P < .05) and RSH-WBC (P < .01). Conclusions: Inclusion of WBC in an RSH session did not modify the power output but could improve prolonged performance in hypoxia by maintaining muscle oxygenation. A single RSH session did not deteriorate sleep quality. WBC, particularly when performed after RSH, positively influenced recovery perception and sleep.
Combined Hip Angle Variability and RPE Could Determine Gait Transition in Elite Race Walkers
Anne-Marie Heugas and Isabelle A. Siegler
Walking is the preferred terrestrial gait pattern used by humans at locomotion speeds not exceeding approximately 7.2 km/hr. This is the speed at which humans usually switch to running and is referred to as the “preferred transition speed” (PTS; Thorstensson & Roberthson, 1987 ). Gait selection
Investigation of the Relationship Between Peak Vertical Accelerations and Aerobic Exercise Intensity During Graded Walking and Running in Postmenopausal Women
Erreka Gil-Rey, Kevin C. Deere, Sara Maldonado-Martín, Natalia Palacios-Samper, Agueda Azpeitia, Esteban M. Gorostiaga, and Jon H. Tobias
< .05. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software (version 22.0; IBM SPSS Statistics, Chicago, IL), and GraphPad Prism (version 7, San Diego, CA) was used for figures. To identify factors that predicted maximum VP, relationships between speed; type of locomotion; physical
Strength Training for Middle- and Long-Distance Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Nicolas Berryman, Iñigo Mujika, Denis Arvisais, Marie Roubeix, Carl Binet, and Laurent Bosquet
It is well established that maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max), the energy cost of locomotion (EC), and aerobic endurance (AE) are crucial factors in middle- and long-distance performance. 1 Together, these factors explained 72% of the performance variability among 36 runners who participated in the
Body Size and Movement
John H. Challis
, from this assumed body shape helps to illustrate the underlying physics. In the following subsections, three aspects of movement will be reviewed: locomotion, jumping, and strength expression. Locomotion Geometric scaling theory suggests that body mass scales in proportion to standing height to the
Optimizing Human Performance—A Brief History of Macro and Micro Perspectives
Mark S. Dyreson
component in efforts to unravel the riddle of optimization. A consensus has developed among scholars of human evolution that locomotion—in particular, the ability to run, jog, stroll, gambol, and so forth over long distances, even in the equatorial heat of the East African savannah—resides at the core of
Upper to Lower Limb Coordination Dynamics in Swimming Depending on Swimming Speed and Aquatic Environment Manipulations
Brice Guignard, Annie Rouard, Didier Chollet, Marco Bonifazi, Dario Dalla Vedova, John Hart, and Ludovic Seifert
Humans exhibit a large repertoire of patterns of locomotion, dependent on whether they are within a terrestrial or aquatic environment, including: walking or running, when on the ground; and at least four swimming strokes, when in water. According to an ecological dynamics approach, behavior of the
What are Fundamental Motor Skills and What is Fundamental About Them?
Karl M. Newell
small group of task categories in infants—namely, locomotion, posture, and object-interaction 2 —are the fundamental motor skills at the task level of description. The progressive emergence of additional motor skills through childhood are interpreted as core developmental activities that have a more
Tapping Into Skeletal Muscle Biomechanics for Design and Control of Lower Limb Exoskeletons: A Narrative Review
Zahra S. Mahdian, Huawei Wang, Mohamed Irfan Mohamed Refai, Guillaume Durandau, Massimo Sartori, and Mhairi K. MacLean
accelerometers and using a Kalman filter to mitigate random sensor noise due to the high rate of loading and impact events. Harper et al 84 developed a wearable shear wave tensiometer with dynamic range to track unconstrained locomotion. A later work combined this with inertial measurement units 85 to measure
