Filter

Refine by Access

Refine by Date

—

Refine by Type

Refine By Publication

Refine By Collections

  • Print
  • Save

Search Results

You are looking at 101 - 110 of 3,746 items for :

  • "prevention" x
  • Refine by Access: All Content x
Clear All
Restricted access

Psychosocial Predictors of Physical Activity Change Among College Students in an Obesity Prevention Trial

Danielle Arigo, Paul Rohde, Heather Shaw, and Eric Stice

Background:

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is critical for maintaining a healthy weight, although little is known about psychological barriers to maintaining MVPA in at-risk groups. Identifying characteristics associated with poor MVPA maintenance in obesity prevention programs could improve participant outcomes.

Methods:

Toward this end, we examined predictors of MVPA in an obesity prevention trial for college students at risk for weight gain (n = 333; 72% female, mean BMI = 23.4 kg/m2). Participants engaged in 1 of 3 weight control interventions and in 4 assessments over 12-month follow-up (ie, measured height/weight, self-reports of psychosocial characteristics, 4 days of accelerometer wear).

Results:

Multilevel modeling analyses showed that across conditions, participants decreased total MVPA minutes per week over 12 months (B = –5.48, P < .01). Baseline self-report scores for both impulsiveness and cognitive dissonance regarding engaging in unhealthy behaviors negatively predicted MVPA over time. Participants higher (vs. lower) in baseline impulsiveness (B = –6.89, P = .03) and dissonance (B = –4.10, P = .04) began the study with more MVPA minutes, but showed sharper declines over time.

Conclusions:

Targeted MVPA-focused intervention for students who show elevated impulsiveness and cognitive dissonance may improve both MVPA and weight control outcomes for these individuals.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 14 (2017): Issue 7 (Jul 2017)

Restricted access

Suitability of Physical Activity Questionnaires for Older Adults in Fall-Prevention Trials: A Systematic Review

Ellen C. Jørstad-Stein, Klaus Hauer, Clemens Becker, Marc Bonnefoy, Rachel A. Nakash, Dawn A. Skelton, and Sarah E. Lamb

The purpose of the study was to identify physical activity questionnaires for older adults that might be suitable outcome measures in clinical trials of fall-injury-prevention intervention and to undertake a systematic quality assessment of their measurement properties. PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were systematically searched to identify measurements and articles reporting the methodological quality of relevant measures. Quality extraction relating to content, population, reliability, validity, responsiveness, acceptability, practicality, and feasibility was undertaken. Twelve outcome measures met the inclusion criteria. There is limited evidence about the measures’ properties. None of the measures is entirely satisfactory for use in a large-scale trial at present. There is a need to develop suitable measures. The Stanford 7-day Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire and the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire might be appropriate for further development. The results have implications for the designs of large-scale trials investigating many different geriatric syndromes.

Cover Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

In Journal of Aging and Physical Activity Volume 13 (2005): Issue 4 (Oct 2005)

Restricted access

A Psychological Approach to the Prediction and Prevention of Athletic Injury

Ralph Maddison and Harry Prapavessis

Two interrelated studies examined the role psychological factors play in the prediction and prevention of sport related injury. Study 1 involved 470 rugby players who completed measures corresponding to variables in the revised Williams and Andersen (1998) stress and injury model at the beginning of the 2001 playing season. Prospective and objective data were obtained for both the number of injuries and the time missed. Results showed that social support, the type of coping, and previous injury interacted in a conjunctive fashion to maximize the relationship between life stress and injury. Study 2 examined the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention in reducing injury among athletes from Study 1 who were identified as having an at-risk psychological profile for injury. Forty-eight players were randomly assigned to either a CBSM intervention or a no-contact control condition. Participants completed psychological measures of coping and competitive anxiety at the beginning and end of the 2002 rugby season. The assessment of injury was identical to that used in Study 1. Results showed that those in the intervention condition reported missing less time due to injury compared to their nonintervention counterparts. The intervention group also had an increase in coping resources and a decrease in worry following the program. Taken together, both studies underscore the importance of (a) psychosocial factors in identifying those athletes most vulnerable to injury and (b) cognitive behavioral stress management programs in reducing the vulnerability to injury.

Cover Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

In Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Volume 27 (2005): Issue 3 (Jan 2005)

Restricted access

Effects of Physical Activity on Breast Cancer Prevention: A Systematic Review

Ana Katherine Gonçalves, Gilzandra Lira Dantas Florêncio, Maria José Maissonnete de Atayde Silva, Ricardo Ney Cobucci, Paulo César Giraldo, and Nancy Michelle Cote

Background:

Observational studies have reported an association between physical activity and breast cancer risk reduction. This study aims to evaluate the effect of physical activity on breast cancer prevention.

Methods:

Articles were identified through literature available on Electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Cochrane, CINAHL, Cancerlit, and Google Scholar) and manual searches. Case control and cohort studies were assessed for methodological quality, using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results:

Size, population, components, and characteristics of physical activity, and menopausal status were documented. Review Manager 5.1 performed analysis using the statistical method of Mantel-Haenszel. Fixed-effect analysis with dichotomous data, testing subgroups and calculating odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% were used. Main results: 7 cohort studies and 14 case control studies were evaluated. Statistical evidence found that physical activity reduces the risk of breast cancer in case-control studies [OR = 0.84 (0.81–0.88)] (heterogeneity 72%) and cohort studies [OR = 0.61 (0.59–0.63)] (heterogeneity 100%).

Conclusion:

Physical activity seems to prevent breast cancer mainly in postmenopausal women.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 11 (2014): Issue 2 (Feb 2014)

Restricted access

Exercise: A Prevention and Treatment for Osteoporosis and Injurious Falls in the Older Adult

Everett L. Smith and Lorri Tommerup

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem in persons over the age of 65, and it leads to approximately 250,000 hip fractures per year. Contributing risk factors for osteoporosis and hip fractures in the aging population include insufficient nutrient intake, inadequate dietary calcium, muscular weakness, decreased physical activity, and changes in hormonal homeostasis. Physical activity especially plays an important role in the prevention of falls and fractures. Physically active older adults with greater muscular strength experience fewer and less injurious falls than older people who are inactive. The effects of physical activity on bone strength and metabolism have only recently been investigated. When bone is mechanically stimulated, the cells respond by producing many local hormones and growth factors, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a mediator of bone modeling and remodeling. Current research continues to show that physical activity significantly affects the geometry and architecture of bone as well as increasing bone mineral density, all of which contribute to an increase in bone strength.

Cover Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

In Journal of Aging and Physical Activity Volume 3 (1995): Issue 2 (Apr 1995)

Restricted access

Tai Chi: Moving for Better Balance—Development of a Community-Based Falls Prevention Program

Fuzhong Li, Peter Harmer, Karin A. Mack, David Sleet, K. John Fisher, Melvin A. Kohn, Lisa M. Millet, Junheng Xu, Tingzhong Yang, Beth Sutton, and Yvaughn Tompkins

Background:

This study was designed to develop an evidence- and community-based falls prevention program—Tai Chi: Moving for Better Balance.

Methods:

A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used to develop a package of materials for program implementation and evaluation. The developmental work was conducted in 2 communities in the Pacific Northwest. Participants included a panel of experts, senior service program managers or activity coordinators, and older adults. Outcome measures involved program feasibility and satisfaction.

Results:

Through an iterative process, a program package was developed. The package contained an implementation plan and class training materials (ie, instructor’s manual, videotape, and user’s guidebook). Pilot testing of program materials showed that the content was appropriate for the targeted users (community-living older adults) and providers (local senior service organizations). A feasibility survey indicated interest and support from users and providers for program implementation. A 2-week pilot evaluation showed that the program implementation was feasible and evidenced good class attendance, high participant satisfaction, and interest in continuing Tai Chi.

Conclusions:

The package of materials developed in this study provides a solid foundation for larger scale implementation and evaluation of the program in community settings.

Cover Journal of Physical Activity and Health

In Journal of Physical Activity and Health Volume 5 (2008): Issue 3 (May 2008)

Restricted access

Predicting Habitual Physical Activity Using Coping Strategies in Older Fallers Engaged in Falls-Prevention Exercise

Anne H. Laybourne, Simon Biggs, and Finbarr C. Martin

One third of adults over 65 yr old fall each year. Wide-ranging consequences include fracture, reduced activity, and death. Research synthesis suggests that falls-prevention programs can be effective in reducing falls by about 20%. Strength and balance training is the most efficacious component, and the assumed method of effect is an improvement in these performance domains. There is some evidence for this, but the authors have previously proposed an alternative method, activity restriction, leading to a reduction in subsequent falls through a reduction in exposure. The aim of this study was to examine physical activity in older fallers, applying a theory of adaptation, to ascertain predictors of habitual physical activity. Referrals to hospital- and community-based exercise programs were assessed for (a) habitual walking steps and (b) coping strategies, falls self-efficacy, social support, and balance mobility. There was no average group change in physical activity. There was high interindividual variability. Two coping strategies, loss-based selection and optimization, best explained the change in physical activity between baseline and follow-up. Notwithstanding some limitations, this work suggests further use of adaptation theory in falls research. A potential application is the creation of a profiling tool to enable clinicians to better match treatment to patient.

Cover Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

In Journal of Aging and Physical Activity Volume 19 (2011): Issue 3 (Jul 2011)

Restricted access

The Effect of a 3-Month Prevention Program on the Jump-Landing Technique in Basketball: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Inne Aerts, Elke Cumps, Evert Verhagen, Bram Wuyts, Sam Van De Gucht, and Romain Meeusen

Context:

In jump-landing sports, the injury mechanism that most frequently results in an injury is the jump-landing movement. Influencing the movement patterns and biomechanical predisposing factors are supposed to decrease injury occurrence.

Objectives:

To evaluate the influence of a 3-mo coach-supervised jump-landing prevention program on jump-landing technique using the jump-landing scoring (JLS) system.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

On-field.

Participants:

116 athletes age 15–41 y, with 63 athletes in the control group and 53 athletes in the intervention group. Intervention: The intervention program in this randomized control trial was administered at the start of the basketball season 2010–11. The jump-landing training program, supervised by the athletic trainers, was performed for a period of 3 mo.

Main Outcome Measures:

The jump-landing technique was determined by registering the jump-landing technique of all athletes with the JLS system, pre- and postintervention.

Results:

After the prevention program, the athletes of the male and female intervention groups landed with a significantly less erect position than those in the control groups (P < .05). This was presented by a significant improvement in maximal hip flexion, maximal knee flexion, hip active range of motion, and knee active range of motion. Another important finding was that postintervention, knee valgus during landing diminished significantly (P < .05) in the female intervention group compared with their control group. Furthermore, the male intervention group significantly improved (P < .05) the scores of the JLS system from pre- to postintervention.

Conclusion:

Malalignments such as valgus position and insufficient knee flexion and hip flexion, previously identified as possible risk factors for lower-extremity injuries, improved significantly after the completion of the prevention program. The JLS system can help in identifying these malalignments.

Level of Evidence:

Therapy, prevention, level 1b.

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 24 (2015): Issue 1 (Jan 2015)

Restricted access

Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Injury Prevention in High School Soccer Athletes: A Randomized Trial

Alan A. Zakaria, Robert B. Kiningham, and Ananda Sen

Objective:

To determine if there is any benefit to static stretching after performing a dynamic warm-up in the prevention of injury in high school soccer athletes.

Design:

Prospective cluster randomized nonblinded study.

Setting:

12 high schools with varsity and junior varsity boys’ soccer teams (24 soccer teams) across the state of Michigan.

Participants:

Four hundred ninety-nine student-athletes were enrolled, and 465 completed the study. One high school dropped out of the study in the first week, leaving a total of 22 teams.

Interventions:

Dynamic stretching protocol vs dynamic + static (D+S) stretching protocol.

Main Outcome Measures:

Lower-extremity, core, or lower-back injuries per team.

Results:

Twelve teams performed the dynamic stretching protocol and 10 teams performed the D+S stretching protocol. There were 17 injuries (1.42 ± 1.49 injuries/team) among the teams that performed the dynamic stretching protocol and 20 injuries (2.0 ± 1.24 injuries/team) among the teams that performed the D+S protocol. There was no statistically significant difference in injuries between the 2 groups (P = .33).

Conclusions:

There is no difference between dynamic stretching and D+S stretching in the prevention of lower-extremity, core, and back injuries in high school male soccer athletes. Static stretching does not provide any added benefit to dynamic stretching in the prevention of injury in this population before exercise.

Cover Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

In Journal of Sport Rehabilitation Volume 24 (2015): Issue 3 (Jan 2015)

Restricted access

“Are Your Clients Having Fun?” The Implications of Respondents’ Preferences for the Delivery of Group Exercise Programs for Falls Prevention

Lucy McPhate, Emily M. Simek, Terry P. Haines, Keith D. Hill, Caroline F. Finch, and Lesley Day

Background:

Group exercise has been shown to be effective in preventing falls; however, adherence to these interventions is often poor. Older adults’ preferences for how these programs can be delivered are unknown.

Objective:

To identify older people’s preferences for how group exercise programs for falls prevention can be delivered.

Design:

A two-wave, cross-sectional, state-wide telephone survey was undertaken. Respondents were community-dwelling men and women aged 70+ in Victoria, Australia.

Methods:

Open-ended questions were asked to elicit information regarding respondent preferences of the program, which were analyzed using a framework approach.

Results:

Ninetyseven respondents completed the follow-up survey. The results indicate that older adults most frequently report the short-term advantages and disadvantages when describing their preferences for group exercise, such as enjoyment, social interaction, and leader qualities. Longer-term advantages such as falls prevention were described less frequently.

Conclusions:

This study indicates the importance of interpersonal skills, and that the opportunity for social interaction should not be overlooked as a positive feature of a group exercise program.

Cover Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

In Journal of Aging and Physical Activity Volume 24 (2016): Issue 1 (Jan 2016)