concussion therapy intervention (ACTIVE) training exercise parameters were developed with the premise of being an acute concussion rehabilitation tool. The ACTIVE training includes 3 training days per week, beginning as early as 3 days postinjury in patients with stable or declining symptoms. Concussions are
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A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Feasibility and Adherence to an Aerobic Training Program in Healthy Individuals
Elizabeth F. Teel, Stephen W. Marshall, L. Gregory Appelbaum, Claudio L. Battaglini, Kevin A. Carneiro, Kevin M. Guskiewicz, Johna K. Register-Mihalik, and Jason P. Mihalik
Leisure-Time Physical Activity in a Southern Brazilian City (2004–2021): Applying an Equity Lens to Time-Trend Analyses
Andrea Wendt, Alan G. Knuth, Bruno P. Nunes, Mario Renato de Azevedo Jr, Helen Gonçalves, Pedro C. Hallal, and Inácio Crochemore-Silva
activity in 2013 was around 9 percentage points (p.p.) lower in women than in men. This difference remained stable 6 years later. 11 The same study also showed a prevalence of physical activity during leisure time of approximately 30 p.p. higher for the wealthiest group compared with the poorest in 2019
Training Load Quantification in Women’s Elite Football: A Season-Long Prospective Cohort Study
Ulrik B. Karlsson, Markus Vagle, Håvard Wiig, and Live S. Luteberget
) if there are differences in training load and intensity between the different session types within a tactical periodization microcycle, and (2) if training load and intensity within the different session types are stable over the course of a season. Methods Design The current study was conducted as a
Goal Conflict and the Moderating Effects of Intention Stability in Intention-Behavior Relations: Physical Activity among Hong Kong Chinese
Kin-Kit Li and Darius K.-S. Chan
This study examined how goal conflict influences the pattern of the moderating effects of intention stability on the intention-behavior relations in the context of physical activity participation. A longitudinal study of 136 young adult students with three waves of data collection (a 2-week interval between waves) was conducted. Results showed a significant three-way interaction among intention, goal conflict, and intention stability in explaining vigorous-intensity physical activity (ß = -.25, p < .05). Consistent with our expectation, the pattern of the three-way interaction revealed that when the level of goal conflict was low, the intention-behavior relations were stronger with stable intentions and weaker with unstable intentions. However, when the level of goal conflict was high, the intention-behavior relations were weaker with stable intentions and stronger with unstable intentions. Possible underlying processes of goal conflict and intention stability on the intention-behavior relations are discussed.
The Effect of Nonspecific Task Constraints on Quadrupedal Locomotion: I. Interlimb Coordination
Jill Whitall, Larry Forrester, and Nancy Getchell
The present study examined the effect of nonspecific task constraints on the multilimb coordination task of preferred-speed crawling. Adult subjects undertook three trials each of the following randomly ordered conditions: forward prone (FP), backward supine (BS), backward prone (BP) and forward supine (FS). Subjects adopted specific coordinative solutions consistent with task-related function rather than anatomical specification. The patterns were relatively stable, with BP being least stable. Across conditions, subjects changed their velocity in a predictable order that corresponded to the various constraints. These velocity changes were largely attributable to stride length adjustments and not limb frequency. Within a condition, neither velocity nor anthropometrics appeared to influence the coordinative solution. Overall, rather large differences were found in coordinative solutions, possibly owing to the nature of the tasks and/or individual searching strategies. The results were interpretable within a dynamic approach to coordination and support the idea that coordination is functionally rather than anatomically determined.
Bimanual Circle Drawing during Secondary Task Loading
Jeffery J. Summers, Winston D. Byblow, Don F. Bysouth-Young, and Andras Semjen
Seven right-handed participants performed bimanual circling movements in either a symmetrical or an asymmetrical coordination mode. Movements were paced with an auditory metronome at predetermined frequencies corresponding to transition frequency, where asymmetrical patterns became unstable, or at two-thirds transition frequency, where both symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns were stable. The pacing tones were presented in either a high (1000 Hz) or low (500 Hz) pitch, and the percentage of high-pitched tones during a 20 s trial varied between 0% and 70%. Participants were instructed to count the number of high-pitched pacing tones that occurred during a trial of bimanual circling. Overall, the symmetrical pattern was more stable than the asymmetrical pattern at both frequencies. Errors on the tone-counting task were significantly higher during asymmetrical circling than symmetrical circling but only at the transition movement frequency. The results suggest that cognitive processes play a role in maintaining coordination patterns within regions of instability.
Effect of Lateral Ankle Joint Anesthesia on Center of Balance, Postural Sway, and Joint Position Sense
Jay N. Hertel, Kevin M. Guskiewicz, David M. Kahler, and David H. Perrin
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of induced anesthesia of the lateral ankle joint on proprioception as assessed in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions. Sixteen subjects were assessed under normal conditions and following an 8-cc injection of lidocaine into the anterior talofibular ligament of the ankle being tested. Center of balance and postural sway measurements were analyzed, revealing a significant lateral adjustment of center of balance during the stable tests compared to a medial adjustment during the dynamic tests under the anesthetized condition. ANOVA of postural sway scores revealed no main effect for condition (anesthesia vs. no anesthesia), but sway scores were higher during the two dynamic conditions as compared to the stable condition. ANOVA of joint position error scores revealed no main effect for condition. Findings suggest that inhibition of the joint receptor afferent fibers adversely affected joint proprioception as assessed while subjects were weight bearing but not while they were non-weight bearing.
Self-Esteem and Causal Attributions for Children's Physical and Social Competence in Sport
Maureen R. Weiss, Vicki Ebbeck, Edward McAuley, and Diane M. Wiese
This study explored the relationship between children's self-esteem and attributions for performance in both physical and social achievement domains. Children's physical and social self-esteem as well as perceptions of and attributions for performance and interpersonal success in a summer sports program were assessed. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant relationship between self-esteem and causal attributions for both physical and social domains. For physical competence, children high in self-esteem made attributions that were more internal, stable, and higher in personal control than did low self-esteem children. For social competence, children high in self-esteem made attributions that were more internal, stable, and higher in personal and lower in external control than did children low in self-esteem. These results provided support for a self-consistency approach to self-esteem.
Stability of Coordination Patterns in Handwriting: Effects of Speed and Hand
Isabelle Sallagoïty, Sylvie Athènes, Pier-Giorgio Zanone, and Jean-Michel Albaret
Previous studies have shown the existence of preferred stroke directions and shapes in handwriting. Assuming that such a two-dimensional trajectory formation process relies on the nonlinear coordination between two abstract orthogonal oscillators, a recent study (Athènes et al., in press) investigated the relative stability and the temporal accuracy of such coordination patterns in performing various ellipsoids corresponding to different phase and amplitude relationships between the oscillators. Results showed that only a small subset of the patterns was stable and accurate. The present study tested and verified the assumption that more stable coordination patterns deteriorate less under a speed constraint. In addition, differences between the dominant and nondominant hands gave insights into various effects modulating the stability and accuracy of such preferred patterns. Evidence of preferred coordination patterns and the predictability of their deterioration corroborate the existence of dynamics underlying handwriting in terms of nonlinearly coupled oscillators.
Dental Occlusion Influences the Standing Balance on an Unstable Platform
Sonia Julià-Sánchez, Jesús Álvarez-Herms, Hannes Gatterer, Martin Burtscher, Teresa Pagès, and Ginés Viscor
Contradictory results are still reported on the influence of dental occlusion on the balance control. We attempted to determine whether there are differences in balance between opposed dental occlusion (Intercuspal position (ICP)/“Cotton rolls” mandibular position [CR]) for two extreme levels of stability (stable/unstable). Twenty-five subjects were monitored under both dental occlusion and level of stability conditions using an unstable platform Balance System SD. The resulting stability index suggests that body balance is significantly better when dental occlusion is set in CR (p < .001) in unstable but not in stable conditions. Occlusal traits significantly influencing postural control were Angle Class (p < .001), crowding (p = .006), midline deviation (p < .001), crossbite (p < .001), anterior open bite (p = .05), and overjet (p = .01). It could be concluded that the sensory information linked to the dental occlusion for the balance control comes strongly into effect in unstable conditions.
