Search Results

You are looking at 11 - 20 of 62 items for :

  • "fat metabolism" x
  • Refine by Access: All Content x
Clear All
Restricted access

Multiple Bouts of Resistance Exercise and Postprandial Triacylglycerol and Serum C-Reactive-Protein Concentrations

Stephen F. Burns, Masashi Miyashita, Chihoko Ueda, and David J. Stensel

The present study examined how multiple bouts of resistance exercise, performed over 1 d, influence 2 risk factors—postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) and serum C-reactive-protein (CRP) concentrations—associated with coronary heart disease. Twenty-four men age 23.5 (SD 3.4) y completed two 2-d trials, exercise and control, at least 1 wk apart in a counterbalanced randomized design. On day 1 of the exercise trials participants completed 20 sets of 15 repetitions of 5 different resistance exercises divided into five 45-min bouts of exercise—100 sets and 1500 repetitions in total for all exercises. Exercises were performed at 30–40% of 1-repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise. On day 1 of the control trial participants were inactive, with blood samples taken at time points corresponding to the exercise trial. On day 2 of both trials participants consumed a test meal (0.89 g fat, 1.23 g carbohydrate, 0.4 g protein, 60 kJ per kg body mass). Blood samples were obtained fasted and for 6 h post prandially. Total area under the postprandial TAG concentration versus time curve was 12% lower in the exercise than in the control trial (8.76 [3.54] vs. 9.94 [4.31] mmol·L-1·6 h, respectively; P = 0.037). Serum CRP concentrations did not change over the 2 d in the control trial but increased in the exercise trial: trial × time interaction (P = 0.028). Multiple bouts of resistance exercise reduce postprandial TAG concentrations but increase serum CRP concentrations. The extent to which these findings are clinically relevant requires further study.

Restricted access

Effect of Sprint Interval Exercise on Postexercise Metabolism and Blood Pressure in Adolescents

Stephen F. Burns, Hnin Hnin Oo, and Anh Thanh Thuy Tran

The current study examined the effect of sprint interval exercise on postexercise oxygen consumption, respiratory-exchange ratio (RER), substrate oxidation, and blood pressure in adolescents. Participants were 10 normal-weight healthy youth (7 female), age 15–18 years. After overnight fasts, each participant undertook 2 trials in a random balanced order: (a) two 30-s bouts of sprint interval exercise on a cycle ergometer and (b) rested in the laboratory for an equivalent period. Timematched measurements of oxygen consumption, RER, and blood pressure were made 90 min into recovery, and substrate oxidation were calculated over the time period. Total postexercise oxygen uptake was significantly higher in the exercise than control trial over the 90 min (mean [SD]: control 20.0 [6.0] L, exercise 24.8 [9.8] L; p = .030). After exercise, RER was elevated above control but then fell rapidly and was lower than control 30–60 min postexercise, and fat oxidation was significantly higher in the exercise than control trial 45–60 min postexercise. However, total fat oxidation did not differ between trials (control 4.5 [2.5] g, exercise 5.4 [2.7] g; p = .247). Post hoc tests revealed that systolic blood pressure was significantly lower than in control at 90 min postexercise (control 104 [10] mm Hg, exercise 99 [10] mm Hg; p < .05). These data indicate that acute sprint interval exercise leads to short-term increases in oxygen uptake and reduced blood pressure in youth. The authors suggest that health outcomes in response to sprint interval training be examined in children.

Restricted access

Assessment of the Effects of Eleutherococcus Senticosus on Endurance Performance

Eric D.B. Goulet and Isabelle J. Dionne

The use of nutritional ergogenic aids containing Eleutherococcus senticosus (ES), a plant which is also known as ciwujia or Siberian ginseng, is relatively common among endurance athletes. Eleutherococcus senticosus has been suggested to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) and fat metabolism (FAM) and, therefore, endurance performance (EP). This article reviews the studies that evaluated the effects of ES during endurance exercise, three of which suggest that ES substantially improves CF, FAM, and EP. However, each of these reports contains severe methodological flaws, which seriously threaten their internal validity, thereby rendering hazardous the generalization of the results. On the other hand, 5 studies that used rigorous research protocols show no benefit of ES on CF, FAM, and EP. It is therefore concluded that ES supplementation (up to 1000 to 1200 mg/d for 1 to 6 wk) offers no advantage during exercise ranging in duration from 6 to 120 min.

Restricted access

Hormonal and Metabolic Responses to a Resistance Exercise Protocol in Lean Children, Obese Children, and Lean Adults

Daniela A. Rubin, Diobel M. Castner, Hoang Pham, Jason Ng, Eric Adams, and Daniel A. Judelson

During childhood, varying exercise modalities are recommended to stimulate normal growth, development, and health. This project investigated hormonal and metabolic responses triggered by a resistance exercise protocol in lean children (age: 9.3 ± 1.4 y, body fat: 18.3 ± 4.9%), obese children (age: 9.6 ± 1.3 y, body fat: 40.3 ± 5.2%) and lean adults (age: 23.3 ± 2.4 y, body fat: 12.7 ± 2.9%). The protocol consisted of stepping onto a raised platform (height = 20% of stature) while wearing a weighted vest (resistance = 50% of lean body mass). Participants completed 6 sets of 10 repetitions per leg with a 1-min rest period between sets. Blood samples were obtained at rest preexercise, immediately postexercise and 2 times throughout the 1-hr recovery to analyze possible changes in hormones and metabolites. Children-adult differences included a larger exercise-induced norepinephrine increase in adults vs. children and a decrease in glucagon in children but not adults. Similarities between adults and children were observed for GH-IGF-1 axis responses. Metabolically, children presented with lower glycolytic and increased fat metabolism after exercise than adults did. Obesity in childhood negatively influenced GH, insulin, and glucose concentrations. While adults occasionally differed from children, amount of activated lean mass, not maturation, likely drove these dissimilarities.

Restricted access

Exercising Fasting or Fed to Enhance Fat Loss? Influence of Food Intake on Respiratory Ratio and Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption After a Bout of Endurance Training

Antonio Paoli, Giuseppe Marcolin, Fabio Zonin, Marco Neri, Andrea Sivieri, and Quirico F. Pacelli

Exercise and nutrition are often used in combination to lose body fat and reduce weight. In this respect, exercise programs are as important as correct nutrition. Several issues are still controversial in this field, and among them there are contrasting reports on whether training in a fasting condition can enhance weight loss by stimulating lipolytic activity. The authors’ purpose was to verify differences in fat metabolism during training in fasting or feeding conditions. They compared the effect on oxygen consumption (VO2) and substrate utilization, estimated by the respiratory-exchange ratio (RER), in 8 healthy young men who performed the same moderate-intensity training session (36 min of cardiovascular training on treadmill at 65% maximum heart rate) in the morning in 2 tests in random sequence: FST test (fasting condition) without any food intake or FED test (feeding condition) after breakfast. In both cases, the same total amount and quality of food was assumed in the 24 hr after the training session. The breakfast, per se, increased both VO2 and RER significantly (4.21 vs. 3.74 and 0.96 vs. 0.84, respectively). Twelve hours after the training session, VO2 was still higher in the FED test, whereas RER was significantly lower in the FED test, indicating greater lipid utilization. The difference was still significant 24 hr after exercise. The authors conclude that when moderate endurance exercise is done to lose body fat, fasting before exercise does not enhance lipid utilization; rather, physical activity after a light meal is advisable.

Restricted access

Effects of Exercise, Diet, and Their Combination on Metabolic-Syndrome-Related Parameters in OLETF Rats

Masato Suzuki, Daisuke Shindo, Masaki Kimura, and Hidefumi Waki

This study was conducted to assess the effects of exercise, diet, and their combination on metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors including visceral fat mass (VFM), glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia in OLETF rats. Thirty-two male rats were assigned to exercise (OLETF-Ex), dietary treatment (-DT), combination (-Ex&DT), or sedentary (-Sed) groups. Daily voluntary exercise using a rotary wheel was performed in OLETF-Ex. Each treatment was conducted from 21 to 31 wk of age. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed before and after the treatment period. Absolute levels of VFM, subcutaneous fat mass (SFM), and serum lipids including triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured after the treatment period. All therapeutic treatments resulted in significantly lower levels of body weight, VFM, SFM, and serum lipids than in sedentary control rats. All therapeutic treatments were also found to improve indices of oral glucose tolerance. Of the 3 therapeutic treatments, serum LDL-C levels were significantly lower in OLETF-Ex and OLETF-Ex&DT than in OLETF-Sed. The data demonstrate that all therapeutic approaches tested were effective in improving a number of MS-related parameters in OLETF rats. However, exercise-based therapeutic intervention may provide additional benefits for improving fat metabolism in MS patients.

Free access

Cold Ambient Temperature Does Not Alter Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Lipolysis and Blood Flow in Endurance-Trained Cyclists

Christopher W. Bach, Patrick G. Saracino, Daniel A. Baur, Brandon D. Willingham, Brent C. Ruby, and Michael J. Ormsbee

alterations in glycerol concentrations with no change in CT ( Layden et al., 2002 ) and no alterations in glycerol concentration despite CT differences ( Galloway & Maughan, 1997 ). Thus, the impact of internal temperature on lipolysis remains unclear. Others have suggested fat metabolism is altered only when

Restricted access

Chronic Statin Treatment Does Not Impair Exercise Lipolysis or Fat Oxidation in Exercise-Trained Individuals With Obesity and Dyslipidemia

Laura Alvarez-Jimenez, Alfonso Moreno-Cabañas, Felix Morales-Palomo, Juan F. Ortega, and Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez

, PLAC did not affect whole-body fat oxidation or the kinetics of glycerol and glucose in plasma in response to 75 min of moderate-intensity continuous exercise. The two organs mainly implicated in fat metabolism during exercise are the adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle. Probably, statins did not

Restricted access

Correlation Between Heart Rate at Maximal Fat Oxidation and Aerobic Threshold in Healthy Adolescent Boys and Girls

Marco Meucci, Vibhav Nandagiri, Venkata S. Kavirayuni, Alexander Whang, and Scott R. Collier

, 23 ). The correlation between Fat max and AerT, though well established in adults, has not been studied in adolescents. Investigations on fat metabolism concluded that there is a paucity of data on children and most of the evidences come from studies in adults ( 4 ). Moreover, it is still not clear

Restricted access

Higher Physical Activity Is Related to Lower Neck Adiposity in Young Men, but to Higher Neck Adiposity in Young Women: An Exploratory Study

Maria Jose Arias-Tellez, Francisco M. Acosta, Jairo H. Migueles, Jose M. Pascual-Gamarra, Elisa Merchan-Ramirez, Clarice M. de Lucena Martins, Jose M. Llamas-Elvira, Borja Martinez-Tellez, and Jonatan R. Ruiz

evidence examining sex differences in the interaction between exercise and metabolism and its underlying mechanisms hampers the understanding of the present results. However, sex greatly determines fat metabolism; for example, women and men show differences in fat oxidation, regional fat deposition, and