support, well-being, and perfectionist strivings, and negatively related to shame and perfectionist concerns; Fontana, Fry, & Cramer, 2017 ; Huysmans & Clement, 2017 ; Jeon, Lee, & Kwon, 2016 ; Lizmore, Dunn, & Dunn, 2017 ). However, there are few self-compassion studies to date that have focused
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Nathan A. Reis, Kent C. Kowalski, Amber D. Mosewich, and Leah J. Ferguson
Rachel Arnold, Nicole Bolter, Lori Dithurbide, Karl Erickson, Blair Evans, Larkin Lamarche, Sean Locke, Eric Martin, and Kathleen Wilson
Edited by Kim Gammage
scores above the cutoff point for marked psychological distress. In both groups, perfectionistic concerns positively predicted psychological distress; however, this relationship was stronger in the athlete sample compared with the control sample. By contrast, eating problems were unrelated to
Thomas Curran and Andrew P. Hill
. Psychological Bulletin, 137 , 68 – 96 . PubMed ID: 21219057 doi:10.1037/a0021466 10.1037/a0021466 Lizmore , M.R. , Dunn , J.G. , & Dunn , J.C. ( 2017 ). Perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and reactions to poor personal performances among intercollegiate athletes . Psychology of
Patrick Gaudreau and Benjamin J.I. Schellenberg
perfectionistic strivings ), which is typically represented by the pursuit of extreme goals and a tendency to evaluate oneself according to such standards. The negative self-evaluations often experienced by perfectionists are captured in the dimension of perfectionistic concerns (also called evaluative
Thomas D. Raedeke, Victoria Blom, and Göran Kenttä
, 1990 ). Although perfectionism is multidimensional in nature, factor analytic studies have revealed two higher-order dimensions, including perfectionistic strivings and concerns. Perfectionistic concerns are reflected by doubts about action and concerns over mistakes, along with perceptions of high
Erika D. Van Dyke, Aaron Metzger, and Sam J. Zizzi
different proposed frameworks based on two higher-order dimensions of perfectionism—perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. Although a point of some debate among researchers in recent years (e.g., Flett & Hewitt, 2005 ), perfectionistic strivings have often been considered adaptive and
Kirsty Martin and Hee Jung Hong
), perfectionist concerns ( Hill et al., 2010 ), lack of recovery ( Gustafsson et al., 2008 ), and low-quality coach–athlete relationships ( Davis et al., 2019 ). Despite clear efforts to understand burnout symptoms, the early identification of burnout is difficult as symptoms often stay unnoticed ( Gustafsson et
Johannes Raabe, E. Earlynn Lauer, and Matthew P. Bejar
, perfectionism is “a ‘double-edged sword’ that may have benefits (perfectionistic strivings) but may also carry significant costs and risks (perfectionistic concerns) for athletes” ( Stoeber, 2014 , p. 2). Specifically, while adaptive perfectionism has been associated with positive characteristics, processes
J.D. DeFreese and Alan L. Smith
, & Roberts, 2006 ), perceived psychological stress and social perceptions ( DeFreese & Smith, 2014 ), as well as perfectionistic concerns ( Madigan, Stoeber, & Passfield, 2015 ). Such work has pushed the conceptual knowledge base on burnout understanding by providing time-based support for theoretically
