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Tibial Accelerations During the Single-Leg Hop Test: Influence of Fixation

Hannah W. Tucker, Emily R. Tobin, and Matthew F. Moran

, specifically single-leg maximal hop and hold (SLH), have commonly been included. 2 – 4 Body-worn inertial measurement units (IMUs) have been utilized to establish a strong correlation between tibial acceleration and peak landing forces during a vertical jump 5 ; however, only one study has reported on their

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Reliability of Three Single-Leg Hop Tests

Laurie D. Booher, Karla M. Hench, Teddy W. Worrell, and Jill Stikeleather

Traditionally, lower extremity strength assessment has been performed in an open kinetic chain. Several authors, however, recommend closed kinetic chain assessment of lower extremity performance. Reliability of closed kinetic chain tests is not available. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the following single-leg hop tests: hop for distance, 6-m hop for time, and 30-m agility hop. Eighteen subjects (4 males and 14 females) participated in this study. An ANOVA repeated measures analysis revealed significant differences between the test trials within and between sessions for all dependent variables. However, when the mean of two test trials was analyzed, the three single-leg hop tests values were stable, that is, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,1) ranged from 0.77 to 0.99. Results demonstrate that these three single-leg hop tests were reliable as used in this study. Future research is needed to determine the sensitivity of these tests in the assessment of lower extremity performance following injury and following rehabilitation procedures.

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The Relationship Between Vertical Ground Reaction Force, Loading Rate, and Sound Characteristics During a Single-Leg Landing

Caroline Lisee, Tom Birchmeier, Arthur Yan, Brent Geers, Kaitlin O’Hagan, Callum Davis, and Christopher Kuenze

the relationship between audio characteristics and vGRFs remains consistent across other tasks that have been implicated in ACL injury risk such as single-leg landing. 17 , 18 Single-leg landings have been identified as a common mechanism of ACL injury, 19 but many prospective injury prevention

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Relationship Between 3 Single-Leg Functional Performance Tests for Netball Noncontact Knee Injury Prevention Screening in Uninjured Female Adult Players

Nicholas C. Clark and Elaine M. Mullally

-of-direction running, jumping, leaping, hopping, and ball throwing/catching. 16 , 17 Single- versus double-leg landing events occur 58.5% to 67.1% of the time in netball matches, 18 , 19 and landings are involved in 27.1% to 73.8% of netball injury events. 9 , 20 For ACL injuries, 53.8% occur during single-leg

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Single-Leg Squat Test in the Clinical Setting Does Not Discriminate Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome From Asymptomatic Individuals

Letícia Almeida de Oliveira, Viviane Bortoluzzi Frasson, Anna Torresan, Marco Aurélio Vaz, and Bruno Manfredini Baroni

performance. 9 , 10 Using 3-dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis, Malloy et al 11 demonstrated that a single-leg squat (SLS) task exaggerated movement–pattern differences between people with FAIS and those without hip pain when compared with a double-leg squat task, suggesting that clinicians might consider

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Measurement Properties of Clinically Accessible Movement Assessment Tools for Analyzing Single-Leg Squats and Step-Downs: A Systematic Review

Erin M. Lally, Hayley Ericksen, and Jennifer Earl-Boehm

LE movement assessments vary, but 2 common tasks observed are the single-leg squat (SLS) 8 , 10 , 15 and step-down (SD). 11 , 16 Physical outcome measures (PhOM) should have established reliability. Reliability describes the consistency of a measurement under different conditions. 17 Three types of

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The Association Between the Single Leg Hop Test and Lower-Extremity Injuries in Female Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic

Paige Guild, Monica R. Lininger, and Meghan Warren

injury. The single leg hop (SLH) for distance test requires an athlete to hop as far as possible starting and ending on 1 leg. The protocol for performing the SLH test is short and provided verbally. 11 The instructions consist of asking an athlete to stand on 1 leg with his/her great toe on the

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Effects of Toe Direction on Biomechanics of Trunk, Pelvis, and Lower-Extremity During Single-Leg Drop Landing

Aiko Sakurai, Kengo Harato, Yutaro Morishige, Shu Kobayashi, Yasuo Niki, and Takeo Nagura

trunk, pelvis, as well as hip and knee joints during single-leg drop landing (SLDL). It was hypothesized that different toe directions would affect biomechanics of trunk and pelvis as well as that of knee joint. Methods Participants A total of 27 male recreational-level athletes, with a mean age of 19

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Single-Leg Landing Strategy after Knee-Joint Cryotherapy

Joseph M. Hart, Jamie L. Leonard, and Christopher D. Ingersoll

Context:

Despite recent findings regarding lower extremity function after cryotherapy, little is known of the neuromuscular, kinetic, and kinematic changes that might occur during functional tasks.

Objective:

To evaluate changes in ground-reaction forces, muscle activity, and knee-joint flexion during single-leg landings after 20-minute knee-joint cryotherapy.

Design:

1 × 4 repeated-measures, time-series design.

Setting:

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

20 healthy male and female subjects.

Intervention:

Subjects performed 5 single-leg landings before, immediately after, and 15 and 30 minutes after knee-joint cryo-therapy.

Main Outcome Measures:

Ground-reaction force, knee-joint flexion, and muscle activity of the gastrocnemius, hamstrings, quadriceps, and gluteus medius.

Results:

Cryotherapy did not significantly (P > .05) change maximum knee-joint flexion, vertical ground-reaction force, or average muscle activity during a single-leg landing.

Conclusion:

Knee-joint cryotherapy might not place the lower extremity at risk for injury during landing.

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The Relationship Between 2-Dimensional Knee-Valgus Angles During Single-Leg Squat, Single-Leg-Land, and Drop-Jump Screening Tests

Allan Munro, Lee Herrington, and Paul Comfort

Context:

Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) are a significant problem in female athletes. A number of screening tasks have been used in the literature to identify those at greatest risk of injury. To date, no study has examined the relationship in 2-dimensional (2D) knee valgus between common screening tasks to determine whether individuals exhibit similar movement patterns across tasks.

Objective:

To establish whether frontal-plane projection angle (FPPA) during the single-leg squat (SLS), single-leg land (SLL), and drop jump (DJ) are related.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

University laboratory.

Participants:

52 national-league female football players and 36 national-league female basketball players.

Main Outcome Measures:

2D FPPA during the SLS, SLL, and DJ screening tasks.

Results:

Significant correlations were found between tasks. FPPA in the SLS was significantly correlated with SLL (r = .52) and DJ (r = .30), whereas FPPA in the SLL was also significantly correlated to DJ (r = .33). FPPA was significantly greater in the SLS than in the SLL (P < .001) and DJ (P < .001) and in the SLL than in the DJ (P < .001).

Conclusion:

The results showed that 2D FPPA is correlated across the SLS, SLL, and DJ tasks. However, significantly greater FPPA values in the unilateral tasks suggest that the DJ may not identify risk of injury in sports where primary injury mechanisms are during unilateral loading tasks. Therefore, it is recommended that both unilateral and bilateral tasks be included when screening for ACL and PFJ injury risk.