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Energy Deficiency, Menstrual Disturbances, and Low Bone Mass: What Do Exercising Australian Women Know About the Female Athlete Triad?

Stephanie M. Miller, Sonja Kukuljan, Anne I. Turner, Paige van der Pligt, and Gaele Ducher

Purpose:

Prevention of the female athlete triad is essential to protect female athletes’ health. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of regularly exercising adult women in Australia toward eating patterns, menstrual cycles, and bone health.

Methods:

A total of 191 female exercisers, age 18–40 yr, engaging in ≥2 hr/wk of strenuous activity, completed a survey. After 11 surveys were excluded (due to incomplete answers), the 180 participants were categorized into lean-build sports (n = 82; running/athletics, triathlon, swimming, cycling, dancing, rowing), non-lean-build sports (n = 94; basketball, netball, soccer, hockey, volleyball, tennis, trampoline, squash, Australian football), or gym/fitness activities (n = 4).

Results:

Mean (± SD) training volume was 9.0 ± 5.5 hr/wk, with participants competing from local up to international level. Only 10% of respondents could name the 3 components of the female athlete triad. Regardless of reported history of stress fracture, 45% of the respondents did not think that amenorrhea (absence of menses for ≥3 months) could affect bone health, and 22% of those involved in lean-build sports would do nothing if experiencing amenorrhea (vs. 3.2% in non-lean-build sports, p = .005). Lean-build sports, history of amenorrhea, and history of stress fracture were all significantly associated with not taking action in the presence of amenorrhea (all p < .005).

Conclusions:

Few active Australian women are aware of the detrimental effects of menstrual dysfunction on bone health. Education programs are needed to prevent the female athlete triad and ensure that appropriate actions are taken by athletes when experiencing amenorrhea.

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Quantifying Hitting Load in Racket Sports: A Scoping Review of Key Technologies

Quim Brich, Martí Casals, Miguel Crespo, Machar Reid, and Ernest Baiget

,546) and 2,28,139 (SD: 50,707), respectively. In the case of other racket sports, hitting load has been reported in elite badminton, 36 squash, 37 and padel 38 players. Although some studies have quantified the hitting load in high-level athletes, stroke quantification is typically not monitored at the

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The Efficacy of Tart Cherry Juice in Aiding Recovery After Intermittent Exercise

Rebecca Quinlan and Jessica A. Hill

, United Kingdom). One serving consisted of 30-mL TCJ mixed with 70 mL of water. This quantity of TCJ has previously demonstrated improved recovery. 19 The PLA was a commercially available, less than 5% fruit content squash (Robinsons Summer Fruits squash; Britvic plc, Hemel Hempstead, United Kingdom

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Ingesting a 12% Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Beverage Before Each Half of a Soccer Match Simulation Facilitates Retention of Passing Performance and Improves High-Intensity Running Capacity in Academy Players

Paola Rodriguez-Giustiniani, Ian Rollo, Oliver C. Witard, and Stuart D. R. Galloway

; Russell et al., 2012 ) and in other skill-based sports, such as tennis ( McRae & Galloway, 2012 ) and squash ( Bottoms et al., 2007 ), where weaker shots on the backhand side were most affected. In relation to soccer, from a practical perspective, carbohydrate beverages can only be supplied to players

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Perception of Breakfast Ingestion Enhances High-Intensity Cycling Performance

Stephen A. Mears, Kathryn Dickinson, Kurt Bergin-Taylor, Reagan Dee, Jack Kay, and Lewis J. James

 = painful). Subjects were then asked to consume 1 of 3 breakfasts within 5 minutes: CON (7 mL·kg BM −1 water), PLA (6 mL·kg BM −1 water, 1 mL·kg BM −1 orange squash [Robinsons; Britvic, Hemel Hempstead, UK], 0.67 g·kg BM −1 xanthan gum [Doves Farm, Hungerford, UK], and 0.067 g·kg BM −1 artificial

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Expanding the Boundaries of TPSR and Empowering Others to Make Their Own Contributions

Barrie Gordon and Sylvie Beaudoin

for at risk middle school-aged boys ( Gordon et al., 2016 ), a squash program tied to improving academic achievement ( Hemphill & Richards, 2016 ), competitive sports ( Balague & Fink, 2016 ), male refugees from Tanzania ( Whitley, Coble, & Jewell, 2016 ), a soccer-based program for gang

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Perception of Carbohydrate Availability Augments High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Capacity Under Sleep-Low, Train-Low Conditions

Sally P. Waterworth, Connor C. Spencer, Aaron L. Porter, and James P. Morton

exercise) before adhering to one of three dietary protocols. In the TRAIN HIGH trial, subjects consumed 1.2 g/kg maltodextrin (Dry Maltodextrin; Cargill, Manchester, United Kingdom) mixed with 500 ml of water and sugar-free squash (Tesco, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom) per hour for 5 hr. In the PERCEPTION

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Effects of Carbohydrate, Caffeine, and Guarana on Cognitive Performance, Perceived Exertion, and Shooting Performance in High-Level Athletes

Laura Pomportes, Jeanick Brisswalter, Arnaud Hays, and Karen Davranche

multievents competition. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the CREPS PACA , the French Squash Federation , and the French Federation of Modern Pentathlon for supporting the project, and especially coach Cédric Maillard and all the young pentathlon athletes who participated in this study. We also

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What Occupational Socialization Factors Influence Preservice Teachers to Possess Fitness Orientations?

Craig Parkes and Michael A. Hemphill

.A.R. ( 2016 ). Without the academic part, it wouldn’t be squash: Youth development in an urban squash program . Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 35, 263 – 276 . doi:10.1123/jtpe.2015-0109 10.1123/jtpe.2015-0109 Lawson , H.A. ( 1983a ). Towards a model of teacher socialization in physical

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The Effect of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing on Multiple Choice Reaction Time During Amateur Boxing

Daniel J. Peart, Michael Graham, Callum Blades, and Ian H. Walshe

e3182541d2e 22450253 14. Bottoms LM , Hunter AM , Galloway SD . Effects of carbohydrate ingestion on skill maintenance in squash players . Eur J Sport Sci . 2006 ; 6 ( 3 ): 187 – 195 . doi:10.1080/17461390600804455 10.1080/17461390600804455 15. Collardeau M , Brisswalter J