the “broadcaster choice model.” This study is conducted in the context of the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO), the highest-level professional baseball league, serving in Korea since 1982. The KBO provides a unique research setting not available in other professional leagues in that, with only a few
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Broadcaster Choice and Audience Demand for Live Sport Games: Panel Analyses of the Korea Baseball Organization
Kihan Kim, Hojun Sung, Yeayoung Noh, and Kimoon Lee
Are “Tech-Savvy” Owners Better for Business? Evidence From Major League Baseball
Ted Hayduk III
isolating the contribution of owners’ core competencies from their organization’s financial performance. To that end, the present paper investigates this research question using a panel of N = 420 observations tied to 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) teams and 45 majority owners. Relevant Literature Top
It’s a Party in the MLB: An Analysis of Shirking Between Games in Major League Baseball
Richard J. Paulsen
principal). In this setting, moral hazard may arise if the employee exerts diminished effort and performs at a low level due to this job security, which is referred to as shirking. Professional sports in the United States, and notably Major League Baseball (MLB), present an ideal environment to study this
Season Ticket Holder No-shows: An Attendance Dilemma at Mississippi State Baseball Games
Alan L. Morse
The Mississippi State Bulldogs baseball team has enjoyed strong fan support over the years as the Bulldogs play in front of sold out crowds each time they take the field. The problem is not the ability to sell tickets, but the high frequency of “no-shows.” Ticketing Director, John King, must consider the big picture when formulating a plan to solve this problem. There are many areas within the athletic department that contribute to this problem, and can help “right the ship” as John described it. The goal is to solve the problem with frequency of attendance at home baseball games from multiple aspects. Many areas within the athletic department factor into this process: 1) fundraising and development, 2) ticket office, 3) marketing department, and 4) promotions department.
The Use of Simulation Technology in Sport Finance Courses: The Case of the Oakland A’s Baseball Business Simulator
Joris Drayer and Daniel A. Rascher
Teaching a graduate level sport finance class can be quite complex. With a variety of concepts such as pricing, budgeting, and public funding, to convey in a limited amount of time, new forms of pedagogy are necessary to assist instructors as this technologically-advanced generation enters into academia. Subsequently, technology has been created to apply basic concepts related to finance to the complexity of a professional sports organization. One such program is the Oakland A’s Baseball Business Simulator. Through interviews and “emotional recall” (Ellis, 2004), this evaluative case study seeks to determine the effectiveness of this technology within this environment.
Major League Baseball Managers: Do They Matter?
Dennis Smart, Jason Winfree, and Richard Wolfe
Smart and Wolfe (2003) assessed the concurrent contribution of leadership and human resources to Major League Baseball (MLB) team performance. They found that player resources (defense/pitching and offence/batting) explained 67% of the variance in winning percentage, whereas leadership explained very little (slightly more than 1%) of the variance. In discussing the minimal contribution of leadership to their results, the authors suggested that future studies expand their operationalization of leadership. That is what is done in this study. Finding that the expanded operationalization has limited effect in explaining the contribution of leadership, we take an alternative tack in attempting to understand leadership in MLB. In addition, we estimate a production frontier (based on offensive and defensive resources), determine the efficiency of MLB managers relative to that frontier, and investigate the extent to which manager efficiency can be explained by manager characteristics. Finally, manager characteristics are related to manager compensation.
Variable Ticket Pricing in Major League Baseball
Daniel A. Rascher, Chad D. McEvoy, Mark S. Nagel, and Matthew T. Brown
Sport teams historically have been reluctant to change ticket prices during the season. Recently, however, numerous sport organizations have implemented variable ticket pricing in an effort to maximize revenues. In Major League Baseball variable pricing results in ticket price increases or decreases depending on factors such as quality of the opponent, day of the week, month of the year, and for special events such as opening day, Memorial Day, and Independence Day. Using censored regression and elasticity analysis, this article demonstrates that variable pricing would have yielded approximately $590,000 per year in additional ticket revenue for each major league team in 1996, ceteris paribus. Accounting for capacity constraints, this amounts to only about a 2.8% increase above what occurs when prices are not varied. For the 1996 season, the largest revenue gain would have been the Cleveland Indians, who would have generated an extra $1.4 million in revenue. The largest percentage revenue gain would have been the San Francisco Giants. The Giants would have seen an estimated 6.7% increase in revenue had they used optimal variable pricing.
Baseball Cop: The Dark Side of America’s National Pastime
Ryan Rodenberg
By Eddie Dominguez. Published 2018 by Hachette Books , New York, NY. 294 pp. ISBN: 978031648397 In Baseball Cop: The Dark Side of America’s National Pastime, author Eddie Dominguez provides a case study of crisis communication and postscandal corrective action in modern American sport. Dominguez
Conative Loyalty of Latino and Non-Latino Professional Baseball Fans
Michelle Harrolle, Galen Trail, Ariel Rodriguez, and Jeremy Jordan
The sport marketing field has neglected to study the Latino population despite escalating amounts of consumer research within the marketing literature focusing on this market segment. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the potential predictors of conative loyalty (i.e., purchase intentions) of the Latino fan by testing the Model of Sport Spectator Conative Loyalty (Model B) on a Latino sample. In addition, we wanted to compare the relationships within the model between Latinos and Non-Latinos to study the potential differences between the two market segments. The participants were Latino (n = 127) and Non-Latino (n = 186) attendees of a professional Major League Baseball game in the Southeastern United States. Even though the model results were very similar for both groups, differences do exist between Latinos and Non-Latinos in terms of specific sport consumer behavior relationships (e.g., BIRGing and CORFing on Conative Loyalty).
Incentives and League Structure in Minor League Baseball
Simon Medcalfe
The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of different ways of organizing sports leagues on team effort. Double A minor league baseball in the United States is organized either as geographical leagues or as split season leagues. The evidence presented in this article suggests that teams in geographical leagues reduce their effort for longer periods of time (up to twice as long) than their counterparts in split season leagues. However, more teams give up trying to catch the leader in split season leagues than in geographical leagues. In fact, up to one third of teams in the split season league give up whereas no teams give up in the geographical league. This information will be of use to owners, managers, and coaches of sports teams because they will be able to identify periods of time when extra incentives to win may be required.