conditions may have significantly reduced life expectancy. Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter referred to as fitness) are widely known to be associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 11 cardiovascular disease (CVD), 12 , 13 stroke, 14 cancer mortality, 15 , 16 and all
Search Results
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality in Men With Musculoskeletal Conditions
Ítalo Ribeiro Lemes, Xuemei Sui, Stacy L. Fritz, Paul F. Beattie, Carl J. Lavie, Bruna Camilo Turi-Lynch, and Steven N. Blair
Effects of Circuit Resistance Training on Body Composition, Strength, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo, Luis Andreu-Caravaca, María Carrasco-Poyatos, Pedro J. Benito, and Jacobo Ángel Rubio-Arias
strength but also in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. Some systematic reviews with meta-analysis have concluded that circuit resistance training (CRT) is effective at reducing body weight and the body mass index (BMI; Seo et al., 2019 ) as well as enhancing muscular strength
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Smoking Status, and Risk of Incidence and Mortality From Cancer: Findings From the Veterans Exercise Testing Study
Baruch Vainshelboim, Zhongming Chen, Ricardo M. Lima, and Jonathan Myers
risk of cancer, 1 – 5 , 7 , 8 most smokers do not develop cancer and, thus, there are factors other than smoking that influence risk. 4 , 9 – 11 Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an established risk factor for the development of many chronic conditions, and it is strongly associated with all
Comparison Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Functions of Cognitive Control in Adolescents: A Tracking Study of 3 Years
Vinícius Muller Reis Weber, Jose Castro‐Piñero, Julio Cesar da Costa, Daniel Zanardini Fernandes, Marcelo Romanzini, and Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque
Maintaining satisfactory cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels during childhood and adolescence appears to be associated with mental health, reducing anxiety and depression symptoms ( 32 , 42 ). CRF also has an impact on morphological changes of structures involved in memory storage, synapse
Associations Between Household Socioeconomic Status, Car Ownership, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in South African Primary Schoolchildren Living in Marginalized Communities
Markus Gerber, Christin Lang, Johanna Beckmann, Jan Degen, Rosa du Randt, Stefanie Gall, Kurt Z. Long, Ivan Müller, Madeleine Nienaber, Peter Steinmann, Uwe Pühse, Jürg Utzinger, Siphesihle Nqweniso, and Cheryl Walter
that youngsters with higher SES had better cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than peers from lower SES families. 31 More specifically, the odds of poor CRF were 1.4 and 1.6 times higher among children with low and moderate SES, as compared with peers with high SES, respectively. Again, research with
Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Homeschool versus Public School Children
Laura S. Kabiri, Katy Mitchell, Wayne Brewer, and Alexis Ortiz
Purpose:
The growth and unregulated structure of homeschooling creates an unknown population in regard to muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness. The purpose of this research was to compare muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness between elementary school aged homeschool and public school children.
Method:
Homeschool children ages 8–11 years old (n = 75) completed the curl-up, 90° push-up, and Progressive Aerobic Capacity Endurance Run (PACER) portions of the FitnessGram to assess abdominal and upper body strength and endurance as well as cardiorespiratory fitness. Comparisons to public school children (n = 75) were made using t tests and chi-square tests.
Results:
Homeschool children showed significantly lower abdominal (t(148) = -11.441, p < .001; χ2 (1) = 35.503, p < .001) and upper body (t(148) = -3.610, p < .001; χ2 (1) = 4.881, p = .027) strength and endurance. There were no significant differences in cardiorespiratory fitness by total PACER laps (t(108) = 0.879, p = .381) or estimated VO2max (t(70) = 1.187, p = .239; χ2 (1) = 1.444, p = .486).
Conclusion:
Homeschool children showed significantly lower levels of both abdominal and upper body muscular fitness compared with their age and gender matched public school peers but no difference in cardiorespiratory fitness.
The Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Dietary Quality
Diane E. Butterworth, David C. Nieman, Bruce C. Underwood, and Kristian D. Lindsied
This study evaluated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and dietary quality in a group of 20- to 40-year-old women (n = 34) who varied widely in levels of physical activity. Nutrient intakes were determined using 10 repeated 24-hr diet records, randomly assigned, over a 10-week period, Physical activity was determined on the same randomly assigned days using the Caltrac Personal Activity Computer. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by two maximal graded treadmill tests with continuous metabolic monitoring at both the beginning and end of the 10-week period. Neither physical activity nor cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly correlated with nutrient density (nutrient/1,000 kcal). Intake of energy (kcal/kg body weight) was higher for the more physically active and fit women, leading to a significant increase in most nutrients consumed per kilogram of body weight.
Aerobic Exercise Training and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial
Richard A. Boileau, Edward McAuley, Demetra Demetriou, Naveen K. Devabhaktuni, Gregory L. Dykstra, Jeffery Katula, Jane Nelson, Angelo Pascale, Melissa Pena, and Heidi-Mai Talbot
A trial was conducted to examine the effect of moderate aerobic exercise training (AET) on cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness. Previously sedentary participants, age 60-75 years, were randomly assigned to either AET treatment or a control group for 6 months. The AET consisted of walking for 40 min three times/week at an intensity that elevated heart rate to 65% of maximum heart rate reserve. The control group performed a supervised stretching program for 40 min three times/week. CR fitness was assessed before and after the treatments during a grade-incremented treadmill walking test. Both absolute and relative peak V̇O2 significantly increased (p < .01) in the AET group, whereas they decreased modestly in the control group. Maximum treadmill time increased significantly (p < .01) in the AET group relative to the control group. These results indicate that CR fitness as measured by peak V̇O2 modestly improves in the elderly with a moderate-intensity, relatively long-term aerobic exercise program.
The Effects of Sedentary Behavior on Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Anna E. Greer, Xuemei Sui, Andréa L. Maslow, Beau Kjerulf Greer, and Steven N. Blair
Background:
To date, no longitudinal studies have examined the influence of sedentary behavior on metabolic syndrome development while accounting for cardiorespiratory fitness.
Purpose and Methods:
This prospective study examined the relationship between sedentary behavior and incident metabolic syndrome while considering the effects of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on the association among 930 men enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.
Results:
A total of 124 men developed metabolic syndrome during 8974 person-years of exposure. After adjusting for covariates, men with middle and high sedentary behavior had 65% and 76% higher risks of developing metabolic syndrome, respectively, than men with low sedentary behavior (linear trend P = .011). This association remained significant after additional adjustment for activity status and cardiorespiratory fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity were also inversely associated with metabolic syndrome, even after adjustment for sedentary behavior.
Conclusions:
The findings highlight the importance of reducing sedentary behavior, increasing physical activity, and improving cardiorespiratory fitness for preventing metabolic syndrome.
Comparison of High-Intensity Interval Training to Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Christopher J. Keating, Juan Á. Párraga Montilla, Pedro Á. Latorre Román, and Rafael Moreno del Castillo
-crunched society. High-intensity interval training has also gained considerable attention as a suitable exercise program for patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes due to its increased effect on cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function ( Hannan et al., 2018 ; Tjønna et
