discontinue HC use or the perceived side effects. Elite female athletes are required to train and compete while having to manage changes in sex hormone concentrations and the subsequent side effects. The current lack of understanding of these side effects is a barrier to implementing strategies to support
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Period Prevalence and Perceived Side Effects of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and the Menstrual Cycle in Elite Athletes
Daniel Martin, Craig Sale, Simon B. Cooper, and Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale
Are Coaches of Female Athletes Informed of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport? A Scoping Review
Jennifer Hamer, Ben Desbrow, and Chris Irwin
of the condition ( Logue et al., 2020 ). Additionally, coaches do not adequately perceive the seriousness of the detrimental health effects of long-term LEA on female athlete health ( Lassiter & Watt, 2007 ). This may partly reflect an absence of RED-S education and/or professional development being
Professional Female Athletes Are at a Heightened Risk of Iron-Deficient Erythropoiesis Compared With Nonathletes
Nenad Ponorac, Mira Popović, Dea Karaba-Jakovljević, Zorislava Bajić, Aaron Scanlan, Emilija Stojanović, and Dragan Radovanović
and macrophage recycling of iron, further contributing to the high number of athletes commonly diagnosed with ID ( Peeling, 2010 ). As such, female athletes may be at a heightened risk of disrupted iron regulation compared with nonathletes. Despite the general consensus that female athletes possess a
Wellness amoung First Year Collegiate Female Athletes
Janna LaFountaine
As more campuses begin to address the needs of athletes in general, and female athletes in particular, more research assessing current wellness behaviors on the part of female athletes can be used to improve the support available while providing guidance with regard to the kinds of programs and outreach efforts that will make the greatest positive impact on female athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare the wellness behaviors of female athletes and female non-athletes to gain a better appreciation for the factors that affect female athletes and the steps that can be taken to assist athletes in proactively working toward a level of wellness that they can sustain throughout their lives.
Relationship Between Knee Frontal Plane Projection Angle and Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Female Athletes
Luis Llurda-Almuzara, Max Canet-Vintró, Carlos López-de-Celis, Albert Perez-Bellmunt, Noé Labata-Lezaun, Ramón Aiguadé-Aiguadé, and Jacobo Rodriguez-Sanz
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a debilitating injury that affects both male and female athletes. 1 Incidence of female ACL is higher than males (males 4.35/100,000 athlete exposures; females 13.23/100,000 athlete exposures 2 ). Thus, research has been focusing on identifying ACL injury
Elite Female Athletes’ Perceptions of New Media Use Relating to Their Careers: A Qualitative Analysis
Andrea N. Geurin
) who were sent an invitation, nine athletes responded (eight females and one male). Three athletes responded but did not participate in the study. Although the study was originally intended to focus on both males and females, only female athletes responded to the interview invitation, and therefore the
Self-Reported Performance and Hormonal-Cycle-Related Symptoms in Competitive Female Athletes
Johanna K. Ihalainen, Sinikka Takalo, Katja Mjøsund, Guro Strøm Solli, Maarit Valtonen, Marja Kokkonen, Anthony C. Hackney, and Ritva S. Mikkonen
aspects of physiology is only small or even nonexistent ( D’Souza et al., 2023 ), it is important to recognize that 50%–80% of female athletes report that their MC affects performance ( Armour et al., 2020 ; Carmichael et al., 2021 ; Solli et al., 2020 ). Individual athletes experience cycle
On-Field Methodological Approach to Monitor the Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Phases in Elite Female Athletes
Marine Dupuit, Alice Meignié, Tom Chassard, Ludivine Blanquet, Julien LeHeran, Thomas Delaunay, Elise Bernardeau, Jean-François Toussaint, Martine Duclos, and Juliana Antero
Female athletes have hormonal and physiological characteristics that may require specific training adaptations. 1 The number of studies conducted on female athletes and, more specifically, on female soccer players has grown in recent years. 2 – 4 The impact of the natural-menstrual-cycle (NC
What Is the Most Effective Training Approach for Preventing Noncontact ACL Injuries in High School–Aged Female Athletes?
Erica M. Willadsen, Andrea B. Zahn, and Chris J. Durall
Clinical Scenario The high prevalence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in adolescent female athletes is thought to originate from hormonal, neuromuscular, and structural differences between sexes. 1 Although hormonal and structural factors are nonmodifiable, neuromuscular
Vagally Derived Heart Rate Variability and Training Perturbations With Menses in Female Collegiate Rowers
Sara R. Sherman, Clifton J. Holmes, Alexander P. Demos, Tori Stone, Bjoern Hornikel, Hayley V. MacDonald, Michael V. Fedewa, and Michael R. Esco
has established a connection between HRV and fatigue accumulated from training, a majority of these studies did not include female athletes, nor investigate potential female-specific RMSSD responses. Female reproductive hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, are introduced in a cyclic
