active during the school day ( Stylianou, van der Mars, et al., 2016 ). Getting children moving before school can also be used as a method to improve physical health, including body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness ( García-Hermoso et al., 2019 ; Westcott et al., 2015 ; Whooten et al., 2018
Search Results
Before School Exercise Effects on Fitness and Academic Performance in Schoolchildren: A Retrospective Case-Controlled Study
Austin J. Kulp and Xihe Zhu
Influence of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Risk of Dementia and Dementia Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
Junga Lee
improvements in the cognitive ability of older adults with dementia ( Lautenschlager et al., 2008 ; Sobol et al., 2018 ). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) was defined as the ability of the cardiovascular system to provide oxygen to contracting muscle during exercise as measured by a maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2
A Systematic Review of the Associations of Adiposity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Arterial Structure and Function in Nonclinical Children and Adolescents
Kelsey L. McAlister, Diana Zhang, Kristen N. Moore, Tiffany M. Chapman, Jennifer Zink, and Britni R. Belcher
from nonmodifiable and modifiable factors, including age, growth, maturity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and adiposity ( 7 , 25 , 40 ). Interventions targeting the modifiable risk factors for arterial changes early in life, such as CRF and adiposity, may be worthwhile strategies for preventing the
Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity With Arterial Stiffness and Arterial Dilatation Capacity in Response to a Bout of Exercise in Children
Andrew O. Agbaje, Eero A. Haapala, Niina Lintu, Anna Viitasalo, Juuso Väistö, Sohaib Khan, Aapo Veijalainen, Tuomo Tompuri, Tomi Laitinen, and Timo A. Lakka
fitness (CRF) is inversely and adiposity is directly associated with traditional cardiometabolic risk factors ( 1 , 7 , 20 ), the evidence on the associations of CRF and obesity with arterial stiffness and arterial dilatation capacity in children is limited and controversial ( 27 , 48 ). Cardiorespiratory
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Sae Young Jae, Kevin Heffernan, Bo Fernhall, and Yoon-Ho Choi
Background:
We tested the hypothesis that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely associated with carotid artery intima media thickness in 746 (age 53 ± 7 yrs) men with type 2 diabetes.
Methods:
We measured common carotid intima media thickness and defined carotid atherosclerosis as a carotid intima media thickness > 1.0 mm. Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake using expired gases analysis during a standard treadmill test.
Results:
Cardiorespiratory fitness was independently associated with common carotid intima media thickness in multivariable regression (β = –0.15, P < .05). After adjusting for established risk factors, high and moderate cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with lower odds ratios for having carotid atherosclerosis—0.49 (95% CI, 0.30–0.81), and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.38–0.92), respectively—as compared with low cardiorespiratory fitness. Each 1 metabolic equivalent increment higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with 27% (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61–0.87) lower prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis.
Conclusions:
These results suggest that high cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with common carotid intima media thickness in men with type 2 diabetes.
Arterial Structure in 18-Year-Old Males Is Dependent on Physical Activity at 12 Years and Cumulative Cardiorespiratory Fitness From Puberty to Late Adolescence
Juta Kraav, Reeli Tamme, Liina Remmel, Evelin Mäestu, Maksim Zagura, Jaak Jürimäe, and Vallo Tillmann
hyperemia have interactions with fat mass, but this association was also shown to be dependent on the amount of LBM ( 43 ). Although high cardiorespiratory fitness level (CRF) and physical activity in otherwise healthy and low-risk men have proven to be beneficial in preventing cardiovascular disease
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Obesity, and Functional Limitation in Older Adults
Danielle R. Bouchard, K. Ashlee McGuire, Lance Davidson, and Robert Ross
One hundred forty-six abdominally obese adults age 60–80 yr were studied to investigate the interaction between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and obesity on functional limitation. Obesity was determined by fat mass (FM), CRF was determined by a maximal treadmill test, and functional limitation was based on 4 different tasks that are predictive of subsequent disability. Both FM (r = –.34, p ≤ .01) and CRF (r = .54, p ≤ .01) were independently associated with functional limitation in bivariate analysis. After further control for sex, age, and the interaction term (CRF × FM), FM was no longer independently associated with functional limitation (p = .10). Analyses were also based on sex-specific tertiles of FM and CRF. The referent group demonstrated significantly lower functional limitation than the low-CRF/low-FM and the low-CRF/high-FM groups (both p ≤ .05). These results highlight the value of recommending exercise for abdominally obese adults.
Promoting Health-Related Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Physical Education: The Role of Lesson Context and Teacher Behavior in an Observational Longitudinal Study
Miguel Peralta, Élvio Rúbio Gouveia, Gerson Ferrari, Ricardo Catunda, Duarte Heriques-Neto, and Adilson Marques
Medicine, 2013 ). Among the physical fitness components, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is the most studied, as it is an important health indicator associated with cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and glucose tolerance, in children and adolescents
Developmental Coordination Disorder and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children
John Cairney, John A. Hay, Brent E. Faught, Andreas Flouris, and Panagiota Klentrou
It is not known whether children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than children without the disorder, or whether this relationship varies by age and gender. These issues are examined using a cross-sectional assessment of children 9-14 years of age (N = 549). Participants were screened for DCD using the short form Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP-SF). A BOTMP-SF age-adjusted standard score at or below the 10th percentile rank on the BOTMP-SF was required to classify a diagnosis for probable DCD. CRF was determined from each participant’s predicted peak-aerobic power using the Léger 20-m shuttle-run test. Children with DCD report lower CRF than children without the disorder and are more likely to be in a high-risk group (≤ 20th percentile in peak VO2). Moreover, 70% of boys with DCD scored at or below the 20th percentile in peak VO2. Further research in a laboratory setting should be conducted to confirm these findings.
Sprint Interval Training and the School Curriculum: Benefits Upon Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity Profiles, and Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles of Healthy Adolescents
Rhona Martin-Smith, Duncan S. Buchan, Julien S. Baker, Mhairi J. Macdonald, Nicholas F. Sculthorpe, Chris Easton, Allan Knox, and Fergal M. Grace
Participation in regular moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is known to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body composition, cardiometabolic risk (CMR) profiles and reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease ( 40 ). However, recent epidemiological data show that physical activity
